{"title":"Pre-Columbian","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"pre-columbian-huastec-stone-boundary-marker","title":"Pre-Columbian Huastec Stone Boundary marker","description":"\u003cp\u003eHuastec Stone Figure of an Agricultural Deity with Digging Stick\u003cbr\u003ePre-Columbian, Huastec culture, Northern Gulf Coast, Veracruz region, Mexico, Early Postclassic period, ca. A.D. 900–1200\u003cbr\u003eHeight: 19 ½ in. (49.5 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn exceptionally rare and monumental stone sculpture depicting an aged, hunch-backed figure reminiscent of the Old Fire God Huehueteotl, here reimagined as an agricultural deity. The figure leans forward with both hands grasping a tall, curving digging stick — the essential tool of maize cultivation and a sacred symbol of fertility, renewal, and humanity’s vital connection to the earth. The head arches upward in an attitude of invocation, the tranquil face defined by furrowed cheeks, a pointed chin, and deeply recessed eyes beneath strongly arched brows. A belt is shown tied with a loop at the back, a wrap-like garment extends below the knees, and the head is covered by a close-fitting cap.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe deeply carved, openwork composition and expressive posture capture the physical and spiritual aspects of agricultural labor, embodying the Huastec conception of sustenance and cyclical renewal. Sculptures of this type were likely placed in shrines, at field boundaries, or within ceremonial landscapes to invoke divine favor for abundant harvests and to sanctify cultivated land.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis impressive example is closely related to the published figure illustrated in the Sotheby’s catalog (Pre-Columbian Art in New York, May 27, 1997, lot no. 137), which was estimated at $15,000 – 25,000 and measures only 12 in. (30.5 cm). By contrast, the present figure stands an imposing 19 ½ in. (49.5 cm) tall, making it not only significantly larger but also among the most monumental examples of its type known.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Ex Leonard Auction; \u003cspan data-olk-copy-source=\"MailCompose\"\u003edeaccessioned\u003c\/span\u003e from The Lake Forest College Art collection, Illinois, USA.\u003cbr\u003eComparable: Cf. Von Winning, Pre-Columbian Art in New York, figs. 329, 330, for related figures in the Morton May Collection, St. Louis, and The Metropolitan Museum of Art.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51286421209385,"sku":null,"price":6000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/rn-image_picker_lib_temp_cfa14d3b-a882-459a-b7ff-af3d4d57ce8b.jpg?v=1768669896"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-veracruz-pottery-female-figure-with-bitumen-highlights","title":"Pre-Columbian Veracruz Pottery Female Figure","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"196\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"72\"\u003ePre-Columbian Veracruz Pottery Female Figure with Bitumen Highlights\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"72\" data-end=\"75\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"75\" data-end=\"133\"\u003eVeracruz culture, Gulf Coast of Mexico, ca. 600 – 900 CE\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"133\" data-end=\"136\"\u003eHeight: 6 in (15.2 cm) – Custom metal display stand included\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"198\" data-end=\"762\"\u003eAn expressive ceramic figure from the Classic-period Veracruz culture, skillfully modeled to depict a standing female with characteristic sculptural features. The figure is rendered with a slender waist and rounded hips, her torso and legs carefully shaped to emphasize anatomical form. She wears a wrap-style skirt indicated by incised detailing around the waist and thighs, and remnants of ancient \u003cstrong data-start=\"598\" data-end=\"617\"\u003ebitumen pigment\u003c\/strong\u003e are visible on the face, shoulders, and legs — a hallmark of Veracruz ceramic decoration that was often applied for ritual or symbolic purposes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"764\" data-end=\"1175\"\u003eThe face is highly stylized, with a prominent nose, pierced ears for large ornaments, and deep incised lines extending from the eyes, likely representing ritual paint or tears associated with fertility rites. The figure’s short, coiled hairstyle and distinctive facial markings are consistent with elite depictions in Veracruz art, possibly representing a priestess or noblewoman engaged in ceremonial practice.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1398\"\u003eDespite ancient losses to both forearms, the piece remains well-preserved with excellent surface condition, root marks, and mineral deposits attesting to its long burial. Mounted on a custom metal stand for ideal display.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1400\" data-end=\"1502\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1400\" data-end=\"1415\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1415\" data-end=\"1418\"\u003eEx Leigh Fincher, Florida collection, acquired on the U.S. art market in the mid-20th century.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51289687130409,"sku":null,"price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2025-10-03T191920.778.png?v=1759533614"},{"product_id":"large-pre-columbian-maya-orangeware-female-figure","title":"Large Pre-Columbian Maya Orangeware Female Figure","description":"\u003ch3 data-start=\"125\" data-end=\"168\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"129\" data-end=\"168\"\u003eLarge Maya Orangeware Female Figure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"169\" data-end=\"276\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"169\" data-end=\"245\"\u003ePre-Columbian, Maya culture, Tiquisate region, Guatemala, ca. 600–900 CE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"245\" data-end=\"248\"\u003eHeight: 10 ½ in. (26.7 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"278\" data-end=\"943\"\u003eA superb and finely modeled orangeware female figure, depicting a seated woman adorned with a broad headdress and prominent earspools. The figure’s sculptural volume is enhanced by the rounded chest and arms drawn inward toward the torso in a gesture of composure. The expressive face features a pronounced nose, large almond-shaped eyes, and an open mouth with a perforation through the nose intended for the insertion of a nasal ornament, emphasizing her elevated status or ritual role, details typical of the southern Maya lowland and coastal ceramic traditions. The surface exhibits extensive manganese deposits and mineral encrustations, attesting to long burial and ancient age, while traces of original, black-painted highlights remain visible across the burnished orange slip. A perforation through the back of the headdress likely served for suspension or ritual use. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"945\" data-end=\"1331\"\u003eFigures of this type were characteristic of the Tiquisate region of Guatemala, an area that flourished during the Late Classic period as an important trade corridor between the Pacific Coast and the highlands. Female effigies, often associated with fertility or ancestor veneration, were placed in domestic or funerary contexts, reflecting the Maya emphasis on lineage and continuity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1333\" data-end=\"1458\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1333\" data-end=\"1348\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1348\" data-end=\"1351\"\u003eEx. Private Austin, Texas collection, acquired through family descent; originally collected in the 1960s.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51348286800169,"sku":null,"price":900.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/Photoroom-20251013_195356_6.png?v=1760409817"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-maya-female-pottery-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Maya female pottery figure","description":"\u003ch3 data-start=\"190\" data-end=\"274\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"194\" data-end=\"272\"\u003eMaya Terracotta Female Figure, Tiquisate Region, Guatemala, ca. 600–900 CE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"275\" data-end=\"308\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"275\" data-end=\"286\"\u003eHeight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 9 5\/8 in. (24.4 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"310\" data-end=\"840\"\u003eA finely modeled terracotta figure of a seated female, her hands gracefully resting upon her knees, rendered with a calm, introspective expression. The figure is adorned with an elaborate crescent headdress decorated in relief with geometric motifs, large circular earspools, and a prominent beaded necklace that accentuates her status and ritual significance. The slightly forward-projecting nose, full lips, and refined facial modeling are typical of the Escuintla–Tiquisate sculptural tradition of the southern Maya lowlands.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"842\" data-end=\"1222\"\u003eThe figure’s surface retains areas of orange slip and scattered manganese deposits consistent with long interment. A circular vent hole on the reverse indicates careful firing technique. The distinctive headdress form and posture are characteristic of Late Classic period representations of high-ranking women or attendants associated with courtly ritual or ancestor veneration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1224\" data-end=\"1438\"\u003eComparable examples are held in the collections of the Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala City, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (see inv. 1979.206.1212 for a related seated figure).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1440\" data-end=\"1565\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1440\" data-end=\"1455\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1455\" data-end=\"1458\"\u003eEx. Private Austin, Texas collection, acquired through family descent; originally collected in the 1960s.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51351118184745,"sku":null,"price":900.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/Photo_Oct_14_2025_12_49_52_PM.jpg?v=1760461387"},{"product_id":"rare-pre-columbian-colima-dogs-with-snakes-incensario","title":"Rare Pre-Columbian Colima Dogs with snakes incensario","description":"\u003ch2 data-start=\"209\" data-end=\"262\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"212\" data-end=\"260\"\u003eRARE CERAMIC INCENSARIO WITH DOGS AND SNAKES\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"263\" data-end=\"383\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"263\" data-end=\"289\"\u003eColima, Western Mexico\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"289\" data-end=\"292\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"292\" data-end=\"342\"\u003eLate Preclassic Period, circa 300 BCE – 100 CE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"342\" data-end=\"345\"\u003eHeight: 5\"\u003cbr data-start=\"373\" data-end=\"376\"\u003eCeramic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"390\" data-end=\"409\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"394\" data-end=\"409\"\u003eDESCRIPTION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"411\" data-end=\"848\"\u003eA rare and finely modeled Colima incensario, featuring a bulbous, perforated chamber surmounted by a coiled serpent and supported by a stylized canine base. Three-dimensional animal heads—dogs and serpents—project from the vessel’s spherical body, giving it a dynamic and symbolic presence. The chamber, pierced with circular vents, suggests its use in ritual incense burning, possibly within funerary or temple contexts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"1212\"\u003eThe dog, a frequent subject in West Mexican sculpture, is believed to have been a psychopomp—a spiritual guide for the dead into the afterlife—while the serpent is often associated with fertility, transformation, and rebirth. The combined presence of both animals in this incensario may reflect themes of death, protection, and divine transition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1402\"\u003eThe surface bears mineral deposits and earthen encrustation, consistent with long-term burial. The work exhibits expressive craftsmanship, balanced proportions, and minimal surface losses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1402\"\u003eProvenance: Provenance: Roy Pohler, Lafayette, acquired early to mid-1980s; Mike Rice, Esq., New Orleans, acquired 1998; Robert Lee collection., Ex. T. Birbiglia Collection, LA. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComparable example: Rufino Tamayo Museum of Pre-Hispanic Art, Oaxaca (see reference image)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51365860442409,"sku":null,"price":1200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/PhotoOct162025_61057PM_3.jpg?v=1760658437"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-veracruz-pottery-seated-female-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Veracruz pottery seated figure","description":"\u003ch3 data-start=\"140\" data-end=\"177\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"144\" data-end=\"177\"\u003eVeracruz Seated Figure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"178\" data-end=\"243\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"178\" data-end=\"216\"\u003eClassic Veracruz, ca. 600–900 A.D.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"216\" data-end=\"219\"\u003eHeight: 14 in. (35.5 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"245\" data-end=\"850\"\u003eSuperbly modeled in buff terracotta, this expressive figure depicts a seated figure with hands gracefully resting upon her knees, adorned with large ear ornaments, a beaded necklace, and bracelets. Head is slightly tilted upward, with parted lips and deeply incised eyes conveying a sense of quiet composure. The figure wears a short cape and a tall headdress painted with bitumen highlights forming geometric motifs, traces of which remain visible across the upper section. The rear of the figure is open with two rectangular apertures, typical of hollow-molded Veracruz sculptures to aid in firing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"1033\"\u003eRepaired from approximately eight original fragments with visible break lines and minor losses, overall in stable condition with good preservation of surface details and pigments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1148\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1050\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1050\" data-end=\"1053\"\u003eEx. Abell Auction, Los Angeles, California\u003cbr data-start=\"1095\" data-end=\"1098\"\u003eEx. Important Private Southern California Estate\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51446611378473,"sku":null,"price":1800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/PhotoOct302025_112415AM_1.jpg?v=1761838939"},{"product_id":"large-pre-columbian-veracruz-smiling-pottery-head-fragment","title":"Large Pre-Columbian Veracruz sonriente pottery head fragment","description":"\u003ch3 data-start=\"198\" data-end=\"251\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"202\" data-end=\"249\"\u003eLarge Veracruz “Sonriente” Head Fragment\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"252\" data-end=\"429\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"252\" data-end=\"290\"\u003eClassic Veracruz, ca. 600–900 A.D.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"290\" data-end=\"293\"\u003eHeight: 6 ¾ in. (17.1 cm); Width: 7 ½ in. (19 cm)\u003cbr data-start=\"342\" data-end=\"345\"\u003ecopper hanging wire for wall display\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"431\" data-end=\"805\"\u003eAn exceptionally expressive terracotta head fragment depicting the characteristic “sonriente” visage of the Classic Veracruz culture. The wide, triangular mouth, raised cheeks, and narrowed almond-shaped eyes give this piece its unmistakable vitality—embodying the joyous and animated aesthetic that has come to define the so-called \u003cem data-start=\"762\" data-end=\"774\"\u003eSonrientes\u003c\/em\u003e tradition of the Gulf Coast.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"807\" data-end=\"1359\"\u003eThe subject wears a high, cylindrical headdress, intricately incised with vertical and geometric motifs enclosing a central cartouche possibly representing a stylized deity mask or symbolic pattern. The upward tilt of the head and broad grin suggest participation in ritual dance or performance, likely connected to fertility and renewal ceremonies—central themes in Veracruz cosmology. The sculptor skillfully combined stylization and realism: subtle modeling of the cheeks, lips, and chin contrasts with the crisp linear detailing of the headdress.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1361\" data-end=\"1637\"\u003eThis type of sculpture was typically created in hollow terracotta and may have adorned ceremonial structures or tombs at major Veracruz sites such as Remojadas, El Zapotal, or Cerro de las Mesas. The back is open, consistent with firing vent holes found on related examples.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1639\" data-end=\"1893\"\u003eMinor surface wear and earthen deposits consistent with ancient burial; overall in remarkable condition with excellent preservation of expression and form. A stable hairline stress crack across the lower left eye. Mounted on a modern black metal base for display; copper wire affixed for optional wall hanging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1639\" data-end=\"1893\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLast image depicts several Sonriente figures found with decapitated heads in El Zapotal, Veracruz. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1895\" data-end=\"2008\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1895\" data-end=\"1910\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1910\" data-end=\"1913\"\u003eEx. Abell Auction, Los Angeles, California\u003cbr data-start=\"1955\" data-end=\"1958\"\u003eEx. Important Private Southern California Estate\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51447055155497,"sku":null,"price":900.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/PhotoOct302025_125023PM_1.jpg?v=1761844849"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-veracruz-painted-head-fragment","title":"PRE-COLUMBIAN VERACRUZ POTTERY HEAD (Xipe-Tlazolteotl)","description":"\u003cp\u003eVERACRUZ POTTERY HEAD (Xipe-Tlazolteotl), CLASSIC PERIOD, CA. 300–700 CE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHeight: 4 in. (10.1 cm); Width: 5 in. (12.7 cm) – mounted on custom black museum stand\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePowerfully modeled and richly expressive, this terracotta head portrays a figure whose features are defined by the taut folds of a flayed human skin worn as a mask — an image deeply rooted in the Xipe-Totec cult of renewal and rebirth. The parted lips, prominent nose, and heavy-lidded eyes convey the lifeless calm of the sacrificed visage, while traces of red pigment emphasize its ritual intensity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe figure’s circular ear ornaments and close-fitting coiffure frame the face, evoking the ceremonial iconography of Xipe-Tlazolteotl, the composite deity embodying both the purifying destruction of Xipe Totec and the regenerative fertility of Tlazolteotl. Such heads, once part of full-bodied effigies or shrine assemblages, symbolized the cycle of death, transformation, and renewal at the heart of Classic Veracruz cosmology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComparable examples are preserved in the Dallas Museum of Art (Object Number:1952.43.6) See last image in our pictures for the similar example.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eEx. Abell Auction, Los Angeles, California\u003cbr\u003eEx. Private Estate, Beverly Hills, California.\u003cbr\u003eAcquired during the 1950s and remaining in the collection \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003efor over seventy years, by descent within the family.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51447058366761,"sku":null,"price":900.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/PhotoOct302025_10227PM_1.jpg?v=1761845163"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-maya-teotihuacan-pottery-incensario-escuintla","title":"Pre-Columbian Maya Teotihuacan Pottery Incensario - Escuintla","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA rare and architecturally impressive lidded incensario from the Escuintla\/Tiquisate region of Guatemala, representing the distinctive Maya–Teotihuacan hybrid style associated with coastal trade networks during the Early Classic period. The vessel features a tall flaring base supporting a domed chamber with three projecting side vents, each modeled with arch-shaped openings used in ritual burning ceremonies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe surface preserves significant areas of original post-fire pigment in deep red, ochre yellow, and chalk white, especially along the textured panels. The upper section consists of a globular collar with modeled details supporting a wide, trumpet-shaped mouth. The piece still retains its original matching lid and base, a survival extremely uncommon for objects of this type.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eFragmented in antiquity or during excavation into numerous large and small sections. Approximately 2% missing. All pieces have been accurately aligned and meticulously reassembled, resulting in a highly stable structure. Crack lines can be toned or filled if desired, though the preservation of original polychromy is excellent.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eProvenance\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003ePrivate Collection of Carlos Sanchez, New Orleans (late 1950s–1999), Ex Andrew Tilden, New Orleans (2000–2006), Ex Michael Cichon, Sarasota, FL (2006–2010), Ex Gerald Alderman, Athens, GA (2011–2017), Ex Marc Schmitt (2017–2022)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52436938293545,"sku":null,"price":1400.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2026-01-13T113235.182.png?v=1768321978"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-cocle-zahina-polychrome-animal-effigy-vessel","title":"Pre-Columbian Cocle Zahina polychrome animal effigy vessel","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCOCLÉ POLYCHROME POTTERY ANIMAL-EFFIGY VESSEL\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eZahina Phase (Early Coclé), Gran Coclé Region, Panama, ca. 200–400 AD\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eHeight: 5 ¾ in (14.6 cm) | Diameter: 6 ¾ in (17.1 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA finely modeled Zahina-phase Coclé polychrome effigy vessel depicting a stylized anthropo-zoomorphic figure. The cream-slipped face projects from the rim, with large circular eyes, a raised nose, and painted facial details in red and black. The globular body is richly decorated in red slip with bold black curvilinear and scroll motifs, integrating the creature’s limbs and symbolic elements into the vessel’s circular form. A rear handle completes the composition, a characteristic feature of early Coclé ceremonial vessels and likely related to ritual or libation use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThis vessel exemplifies the early Coclé (Zahina phase) aesthetic, known for its animated faces, strong graphic contrasts, and sophisticated polychrome painting. Works of this type were produced for elite and ceremonial contexts during the formative period of Coclé artistic development in central Panama.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eProvenance: Ex. private Austin, Texas collection, acquired through family descent; originally collected in the 1960s.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCondition: Restored from multiple fragments with stabilization along the break lines and professionally executed painted touch-ups.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52437097382185,"sku":null,"price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/s-l1600-2026-01-13T121315.752.png?v=1768324431"},{"product_id":"scarce-pre-columbian-chavin-painted-pottery-figure","title":"Scarce Pre-Columbian Chavin Painted pottery figure","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"input_row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"textarea_result\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"284\" data-start=\"216\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"259\" data-start=\"216\"\u003ePeru, Early Horizon, circa 900–500 B.C.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"262\" data-start=\"259\"\u003eHeight: 5 in (12.7 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"797\" data-start=\"286\"\u003eModeled in a compact cylindrical form, the figure displays the stylized traits emblematic of the Chavín aesthetic. The head, delineated with incised linear motifs, bears a prominent hooked nose and wide, almond-shaped eyes framed by geometric contours. A single circular aperture is placed at the center of the torso, possibly of ritual or functional significance. The surface retains areas of red-brown pigment with mineral accretions and scattered encrustation, enhancing the sculptural presence of the piece.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1123\" data-start=\"799\"\u003eThe Chavín culture, flourishing in the northern Andean highlands of Peru, produced some of the earliest religious iconography in the region, characterized by a synthesis of human and supernatural attributes rendered through abstraction and symmetry. This example encapsulates those early sculptural ideals in miniature form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"input_row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"input_tit\"\u003eProvenance\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"textarea_result\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEx. Palmyra Heritage Gallery, Property of Nanci McGonigal, Collection of Walter J. Bray, Mantoloking, NJ. Active since 1960’s. To family by descent.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSurface losses and areas of pigment depletion consistent with age. The figure remains intact overall, with no modern restoration visible.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52437102690601,"sku":null,"price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/IMG-5536.jpg?v=1774440269"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-chavin-culture-copper-alloy-plaque","title":"Pre-Columbian Chavín culture copper alloy plaque","description":"\u003cp\u003eAuthentic Pre-Columbian Chavín culture copper alloy plaque, Peru, ca. 900–200 BCE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis rare ceremonial plaque is hammered from a copper-based alloy and decorated in repoussé with classic Chavín iconography, featuring stylized anthropomorphic and zoomorphic imagery characteristic of the Chavín religious tradition. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe plaque retains its original suspended metal danglers, still attached through ancient perforations along the lower edge—an exceptional survival detail that strongly supports authenticity and ritual use. Additional perforations along the top suggest it was originally worn or mounted, possibly as a chest ornament or ceremonial regalia element.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe surface displays a rich, undisturbed archaeological patina with natural copper oxidation ranging from deep greens to earthen browns. Areas of loss and corrosion are consistent with age and burial conditions and should be viewed as historical, not defects. 3\" x 2 1\/2\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEx. A. Gharagozloo Collection, CO., Acquired from Axel Traugott, FL., from the estate of Leroy Irons, TX. 1970's.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52635891401001,"sku":null,"price":1200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/rn-image_picker_lib_temp_cc0f5a42-4027-40cd-bc55-7f876a539d79.jpg?v=1770663818"},{"product_id":"untitled-feb18_13-00","title":"Pre-Columbian Jama-Coaque Pottery Female Figure","description":"\u003cp\u003eA substantial and finely modeled Pre-Columbian pottery figure from the Jama-Coaque culture of coastal Ecuador (ca. 300 BC–AD 600), depicting a standing female personage adorned with elaborate ceremonial regalia. The figure features a prominent mushroom-form headdress, expressive facial features, and detailed body ornamentation including arm bands and a multi-strand collar, traces of original pigment still visible. Her stylized proportions, full torso, and formal stance are characteristic of Jama-Coaque sculptural traditions associated with elite or ritual representations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe surface displays a rich earthen patina consistent with age, with areas of mineral deposits and wear. The figure has been professionally repaired, as noted, but remains structurally stable and visually impressive, retaining strong display presence. Mounted flat feet allow it to stand securely.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eEx Private Louisiana collection, acquired from Arte Primitivo, New York, 05\/2018, Ex William Jenack, 6\/98, Ex The Lands Beyond gallery, NY, Inv # 121-11-JDK. Old tag on the back with a price tag of $825.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMeasurements:\u003cbr\u003eHeight: 9 7\/8 in. (25.1 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCondition:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRepairs present; scattered surface wear, abrasions, and deposits commensurate with age. No modern restoration detected beyond stabilization. Displays beautifully.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52709601739049,"sku":null,"price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/rn-image_picker_lib_temp_fea7f362-0c86-4022-9471-57d22d36b72b.jpg?v=1771437638"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian","title":"Pre-Columbian Jama-Coaque Pottery Figure with Rattle","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"117\" data-end=\"233\"\u003ePre-Columbian Jama-Coaque Pottery Figure with Rattle\u003cbr data-start=\"173\" data-end=\"176\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"176\" data-end=\"208\"\u003eManabí Region, Coastal Ecuador\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"208\" data-end=\"211\"\u003ec. 300 BC – 600 AD\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"235\" data-end=\"551\"\u003eA finely modeled Jama-Coaque pottery figure depicting a standing female figure wearing an elaborate headdress and jewelry. The figure holds a ceramic rattle in one hand, an element often associated with ritual performance, ceremonial dance, or shamanic activity in the Jama-Coaque culture of coastal Ecuador.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"553\" data-end=\"914\"\u003eThe figure displays many of the classic stylistic features of Jama-Coaque sculpture: a tall cylindrical headdress, carefully modeled facial features with almond-shaped eyes, prominent nose, and detailed ear ornaments. The figure also wears a necklace and arm ornaments, reflecting the rich ceremonial attire frequently depicted in Jama-Coaque elite figures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"916\" data-end=\"1164\"\u003eThe surface retains earthen mineral deposits and burial encrustations, consistent with long-term age and burial. The figure is hollow with internal pellets creating the rattle sound, a common feature in ceremonial figures from this culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1166\" data-end=\"1201\"\u003eHeight: 11 1\/4 inches (28.6 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1203\" data-end=\"1514\"\u003eProvenance:\u003cbr data-start=\"1218\" data-end=\"1221\"\u003eEx Francis L. Wolfson Collection\u003cbr data-start=\"1257\" data-end=\"1260\"\u003eOriginal Arte Primitivo receipt dated January 28, 1977 for $1,000 included.\u003cbr data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1342\"\u003eAcquired by Elton Cary, Miami Beach, 1977.\u003cbr data-start=\"1388\" data-end=\"1391\"\u003eAccompanied by a Frances Louise Wolfson appraisal dated May 25, 1990 with photograph, valuing the figure at $2,800.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1516\" data-end=\"1680\"\u003eA well-provenanced and impressive large Jama-Coaque ceremonial pottery figure, representing one of the most sophisticated ceramic traditions of ancient Ecuador.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52833229832489,"sku":null,"price":2000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2026-03-14T135257.991.png?v=1773510930"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-teotihuacan-greenstone-mask","title":"Pre-Columbian Teotihuacan Greenstone mask","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"207\" data-end=\"515\"\u003eA finely carved Teotihuacan greenstone mask from Central Mexico, dating to the Classic Period, circa 200–600 AD. Masks of this type are among the most iconic sculptural forms produced by the great city of Teotihuacan, one of the most powerful and influential civilizations of ancient Mesoamerica.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"517\" data-end=\"846\"\u003eThe mask is carved from mottled greenstone and displays the classic Teotihuacan aesthetic: a broad planar face, almond-shaped eyes, a carefully modeled nose, and slightly parted lips. The geometric symmetry and serene expression exemplify the highly stylized artistic conventions associated with Teotihuacan ritual sculpture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"1237\"\u003eThe surface exhibits manganese deposits and earthen mineral encrustations, along with visible ancient tool marks on the cheeks, all consistent with age and long burial. Perforations at the top and sides indicate the mask was likely originally attached to a funerary bundle, ritual figure, or ceremonial offering, a practice commonly associated with Teotihuacan ritual contexts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1239\" data-end=\"1371\"\u003eProvenance:\u003cbr data-start=\"1254\" data-end=\"1257\"\u003eAcquired from YD Mayer Antiques, Manhattan, New York. EX Private NY collection, acquired from Keljman gallery, NY. The bottom of custom metal stand inscribed with the word Keljman.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1373\" data-end=\"1445\"\u003eDimensions:\u003cbr data-start=\"1388\" data-end=\"1391\"\u003eWidth: 4 3\/16 in (10.6 cm)\u003cbr data-start=\"1417\" data-end=\"1420\"\u003eHeight: 3 3\/4 in (9.5 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1447\" data-end=\"1491\"\u003eMounted on a custom metal display stand.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1493\" data-end=\"1654\"\u003eA strong and highly collectible example of Teotihuacan stone sculpture, representing one of the most recognizable artistic traditions of ancient Mesoamerica.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1493\" data-end=\"1654\"\u003eLast pictures are close up pictures of the surface, ancient tool marks, and a video showing managense deposits reacting to peroxide on the mask. Lifetime Guarantee on authenticity. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52833240809769,"sku":null,"price":7000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail_-_2026-03-14T152154.893.png?v=1773516181"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-valdivia-venus-pottery-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Valdivia Venus Pottery Figure","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"154\" data-end=\"261\"\u003ePre-Columbian Valdivia Venus Pottery Figure\u003cbr data-start=\"201\" data-end=\"204\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"204\" data-end=\"239\"\u003eValdivia Culture, Coastal Ecuador\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"239\" data-end=\"242\"\u003ec. 3000–1500 BC\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"263\" data-end=\"626\"\u003eA classic Pre-Columbian Valdivia Venus pottery figure depicting a standing female with exaggerated head and stylized features characteristic of the early Valdivia tradition. The figure displays the distinctive fan-shaped coiffure with incised hair striations, a hallmark of Valdivia female figurines believed to represent fertility or ancestral symbolism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"628\" data-end=\"913\"\u003eThe figure is rendered with a long neck, small facial features, rounded breasts, and simplified legs. The large headdress-like hairstyle is carefully incised with parallel lines to indicate hair texture, reflecting the importance of coiffure and identity within early Valdivia society.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"915\" data-end=\"1135\"\u003eValdivia Venus figures represent some of the earliest ceramic sculptures in the Americas, associated with fertility rituals, household shrines, or ancestral cult practices within early coastal Ecuadorian communities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1137\" data-end=\"1171\"\u003eHeight: 3 7\/16 inches (8.7 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1173\" data-end=\"1272\"\u003eProvenance:\u003cbr data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1191\"\u003eEx Hill Auction Gallery, Florida\u003cbr data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1230\"\u003eAcquired from a Private Florida Estate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1274\" data-end=\"1441\"\u003eA well-preserved example of the iconic Valdivia Venus tradition, representing one of the earliest artistic expressions of human figuration in the ancient Americas.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52833868415273,"sku":null,"price":700.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2026-03-14T165719.127.png?v=1773522588"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-anthropomorphic-tusk-ritual-figure-chorrera-tradition","title":"Pre-Columbian Anthropomorphic \"Tusk\" Ritual Figure (Chorrera tradition)","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"758\" data-end=\"890\"\u003ePre-Columbian Anthropomorphic Ritual Figure (Chorrera tradition)\u003cbr data-start=\"805\" data-end=\"808\"\u003eEngoroy Culture, Coastal Ecuador\u003cbr data-start=\"844\" data-end=\"847\"\u003eLate Formative Period, circa 600–100 BC\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"892\" data-end=\"1204\"\u003eA finely carved anthropomorphic stone figure from the Engoroy cultural tradition of coastal Ecuador. The sculpture presents a highly stylized human form with an elongated, tapering body that creates the distinctive “tusk-like” silhouette associated with ritual objects of the Late Formative period in the region.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1206\" data-end=\"1662\"\u003eThe figure displays a simplified human visage with incised almond-shaped eyes, a prominent triangular nose, and a small, understated mouth. The head is surmounted by a banded headdress rendered with parallel incised lines. The upper torso features geometric V-shaped elements suggesting stylized arms or chest adornment, while the reverse is decorated with diagonal and horizontal incised bands that emphasize the sculptural form and rhythm of the carving.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1664\" data-end=\"1900\"\u003eFigures of this type are believed to have served ritual or symbolic functions, possibly representing ancestral or shamanic personages within the ceremonial traditions of coastal Ecuadorian societies during the Late Formative period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1902\" data-end=\"2046\"\u003eCarved from a fine-grained limestone, the surface exhibits an attractive aged patina with manganese deposits consistent with long-term burial.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1902\" data-end=\"2046\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1191\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx Hill Auction Gallery, Florida\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1230\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAcquired from a Private Florida Estate\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2048\" data-end=\"2219\"\u003eHeight: 5 7\/8 inches (14.9 cm)\u003cbr data-start=\"2082\" data-end=\"2085\"\u003eCondition: Intact with minor surface wear consistent with age. No perforations present.\u003cbr data-start=\"2176\" data-end=\"2179\"\u003eMount: Custom acrylic display stand.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2221\" data-end=\"2391\"\u003eA striking and uncommon example of Late Formative anthropomorphic stone sculpture from coastal Ecuador, notable for its elegant form and strong geometric abstraction.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52833893155113,"sku":null,"price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2026-03-14T171054.618.png?v=1773522983"},{"product_id":"published-pre-columbian-jama-coaque-pottery-mother-and-child-figure","title":"Published Pre-Columbian Jama-Coaque Pottery Mother and Child Figure","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Jama-Coaque Pottery Mother and Child Figure\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEcuador, circa 200 BC – 200 AD\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA finely modeled hollow pottery figure depicting a seated female carrying a child on her back, rendered in the distinctive sculptural tradition of the Jama-Coaque culture of coastal Ecuador. The figure displays a pronounced cranial form, almond-shaped eyes, and a prominent nose, with applied ear ornaments and a multi-strand necklace. The child, secured behind the mother, clings naturally to her shoulders, reinforcing the intimate maternal theme characteristic of this culture.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe composition belongs to a well-documented group of Jama-Coaque figural works exploring fertility, lineage, and motherhood, themes central to the social and spiritual identity of the region. The sculptural balance between the forward-facing seated posture and the rear-positioned child creates a dynamic yet harmonious form, emphasizing both physical presence and symbolic meaning.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe surface retains areas of earthen deposits and age wear consistent with antiquity. The figure shows visible restoration and stabilization, including break lines and losses, typical for excavated ceramic material of this period.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis example is particularly notable for its publication and early documented provenance, making it a highly desirable and academically referenced piece within the corpus of Ecuadorian coastal art.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHeight: 5” in height, 4 1\/2” length\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMaternity in Pre-Columbian Art \/ La Maternidad en el Arte Precolombino, Florencio García Cisneros and Rafael Llerena, illustrated p. 85, no. 85.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: José E. Alegría, San Juan, Puerto Rico; sold January 14, 1976 to Mrs. Elton M. Cary, Miami Beach, Florida; thence by descent \/ private collection.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52869410488617,"sku":null,"price":1000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/IMG-5425.jpg?v=1774298097"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-guangala-mother-and-child-figure","title":"Published Pre-Columbian Bahia Mother and Child Figure","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Bahia Mother and Child Figure\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEcuador, Los Esteros Bahia phase, ca. 500 B.C.-100CE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA rare and published ceramic figure depicting a stylized mother holding a child, rendered in a distinctive abstracted form characteristic of Bahia sculptural tradition. The figure displays exaggerated facial features, including large, protruding eyes and a prominent nose, with a compact body and simplified anatomical treatment. The child is cradled securely in the arms, emphasizing themes of maternity and protection that are central to early Ecuadorian iconography.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe surface retains a light buff tone with areas of mineral accretion and age-related patina. The composition is notable for its sculptural balance and expressive reduction of form, aligning with Bahia examples from Los Esteros. The figure is mounted on a custom display base.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHeight (figure): approximately 2 3\/4 in. (7 cm)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition: Fair, with loss to the lower portion (broken leg as noted in early documentation). Surface wear and encrustation consistent with age.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis example is published and illustrated in Maternity in Pre-Columbian Art by Florencio García Cisneros (page 82), confirming its art historical significance and long-standing presence in the scholarly record. The book has the piece described as Guangala as well as the appraisal. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCF. Little People of the Earth: Ceramic figures from Ancient America, page 25. Fig. 5, which describe these figures as from Los Esteros, Bahia phase. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Frances L. Wolfson collection; acquired from José E. Alegría, San Juan, Puerto Rico, January 14, 1976. An appraisal letter is also included from 1990 with a value of $1,500 for the figure.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52869463703849,"sku":null,"price":1000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/IMG-5441.jpg?v=1774299181"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-costa-rican-polychrome-vessel","title":"Pre-Columbian Costa Rican Polychrome vessel","description":"\u003cp\u003eGreater Nicoya (Guanacaste), Costa Rica, ca. \u003cspan\u003e800–1200 CE. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA large and finely formed ceramic vessel attributed to the Papagayo Polychrome tradition of the Greater Nicoya region in northwestern Costa Rica. The vessel displays a classic globular body rising from a flared pedestal base, culminating in a wide, slightly everted rim. Projecting from the shoulder is a modeled effigy head, likely representing a stylized avian or animal form, rendered with simplified yet expressive features.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe surface is decorated in a restrained yet elegant polychrome palette of red, black, and cream, arranged in horizontal registers and linear banding. A prominent vertical panel divides the body, creating a balanced geometric composition characteristic of Papagayo ceramic design. The painted motifs, combined with the vessel’s proportions and form, reflect the broader artistic traditions of the Middle Polychrome Period, during which Nicoya ceramics reached a high level of technical and aesthetic refinement.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSuch vessels were likely used in ceremonial or elite domestic contexts and may have held food, drink, or offerings. The addition of the effigy element suggests symbolic or ritual significance, possibly linked to animal iconography within the region.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe surface shows expected age-related wear, including areas of pigment loss, mineral deposits, root marks and light abrasion consistent with long-term burial. No modern repainting or restoration is observed. One small 2” section was reglued with break lines visible. Small chip on the rim as well.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx Lion \u0026amp; Unicorn, Hollywood, Florida\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAcquired from a Private Florida collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMeasurements:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHeight: 12 1\/2 inches (31.8 cm)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52939980603689,"sku":null,"price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/CB967A2F-5C54-46FF-91CC-C9A1357AC479.jpg?v=1775527311"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-diquis-stone-head","title":"Pre-Columbian Diquís Stone Head","description":"\u003cp\u003ePre-Columbian Diquís Stone Head\u003cbr\u003eCosta Rica, ca. 800–1500 CE\u003cbr\u003eHeight: 3 3\/4 in.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinely carved stone head attributed to the Diquís culture of Costa Rica, featuring a stylized visage with closed, heavy-lidded eyes, a prominent nose, and a composed, introspective expression. The form is compact and sculptural, with a cylindrical lower section suggesting it was once part of a larger figure or mounted element.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe surface shows consistent weathering, mineral deposits, and age-related texture throughout, giving it a strong, authentic presence.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiquís stone carvings are well known for their refined abstraction and ceremonial significance within the societies of southern Costa Rica.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Ex Los Angeles Estate Auction, Northridge, CA; from a Private CA Estate.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52949923692841,"sku":null,"price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/54333DCB-58CE-4557-8556-E446615EC534.jpg?v=1775672222"},{"product_id":"large-pre-columbian-huastec-pottery-ballplayer","title":"Large Pre-Columbian Huastec Pottery Ballplayer","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn impressive and large ceramic figure depicting a Huastec ballplayer, standing with elongated proportions and wearing a tall cylindrical headdress. The figure features prominent earspools and a chest pectoral, likely representing protective or ceremonial attire associated with the Mesoamerican ballgame.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHuastec figures are recognized for their refined modeling and distinctive facial features, shown here with a calm, slightly open-mouthed expression. The imposing headdress and adornments suggest status and ritual importance, possibly linked to elite participation in ceremonial ballgame traditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSurface displays strong age with mineral deposits, encrustation, and weathering consistent with long-term burial. Visible repair to the headdress.\u003cbr\u003eHeight: 11 1\/2 in.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCondition: Repair to headdress; otherwise intact with expected surface wear and deposits\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProvenance: Ex Kevin Martin Collection, Florida; acquired via Live Oak Auctions, Texas\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52983095820585,"sku":null,"price":2000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/rn-image_picker_lib_temp_fc3516fe-aade-4c72-813a-277df80d2008.jpg?v=1776117807"},{"product_id":"published-pre-columbian-costa-rican-jade-axe-god","title":"Published Pre-Columbian Costa Rican Jade Axe god","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished Pre-Columbian Costa Rican Jade Axe God\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCosta Rica, ca. 500 BCE–500 CE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA finely carved Pre-Columbian jade axe god pendant from ancient Costa Rica, executed in a beautiful deep sea-green stone with soft translucency and a highly polished surface. The figure is rendered in the classic axe god form, with a stylized anthropomorphic visage, recessed circular eyes, sharply pointed beak-like nose or snout, and abbreviated arms folded across the chest above a broad, tapering blade. A suspension perforation at the shoulders allowed the piece to be worn or displayed as an insignia of rank and spiritual authority.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis example is especially important for its strong pedigree and publication history. It is illustrated in \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Jade from Costa Rica\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e by Elizabeth Kennedy Easby, published as no. 17, where it is identified as a \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBird Celt\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, described as “thick, with rounded back,” in “very translucent deep sea-green jade,” height \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2 7\/8 in. (7.2 cm)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e. The sculptural form, elegant proportions, and rich stone place it among the most desirable Costa Rican jade pendants, objects associated with status, ritual, and elite identity.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Ex Wright, Chicago, Illinois; Ex Andre Emmerich Gallery, New York.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Elizabeth Kennedy Easby, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Jade from Costa Rica\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, no. 17. Book will be included with the sale.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53029117952297,"sku":null,"price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/IMG-6307.jpg?v=1776783234"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-nayarit-painted-pottery-drummer","title":"Pre-Columbian Nayarit Painted Pottery Drummer","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Nayarit Painted Pottery Drummer\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWest Mexico, ca. 100 BCE – 250 CE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA finely modeled seated drummer figure from the Nayarit region of West Mexico, shown holding a cylindrical drum between the knees. The figure wears a tall, tapering headdress and large earspools, with arms positioned in active playing posture, capturing a moment of rhythmic performance.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe surface retains substantial red and cream pigment with extensive mineral and earthen encrustation, consistent with long-term burial. The form and subject relate to the well-known shaft tomb tradition of Nayarit, where ceramic figures depicting musicians, dancers, and communal scenes were interred as part of funerary assemblages, reflecting both daily life and ritual activity.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Ex Water Street Tribal, Maine; acquired from Howard Nowes Ancient Art, New York. Original COA included.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA compelling and expressive example of Nayarit figural pottery, with excellent presence and surface.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53049931694377,"sku":null,"price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/F7C4497C-2577-4D74-AF9A-E6220267D629.jpg?v=1777075625"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-colima-palanquin-whistle-with-four-bearers","title":"Pre-Columbian Colima Palanquin Whistle with Four Bearers","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Colima Palanquin Whistle with Four Bearers, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWest Mexico, ca. 100 BCE – 250 CE. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA finely modeled Colima pottery whistle depicting a seated dignitary carried in a palanquin by four attendants, rendered in a dynamic and architecturally composed form. The central figure is seated within a circular, throne-like enclosure surmounted by a crest, while the four bearers below support the platform, each shown in animated, forward-leaning postures that convey movement and procession.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis multi-figure composition reflects themes of status, ceremony, and social hierarchy within the West Mexican shaft tomb tradition, where such narrative figural groupings were placed in funerary contexts to accompany the deceased.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe hollow body functions as a whistle, with the air aperture preserved at the rear. The surface exhibits natural earthen encrustation with traces of remaining pigment, consistent with age and long-term burial.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDimensions: 7 1\/4 in (18.4 cm) height; 3 7\/8 in (9.8 cm) width; 4 7\/8 in (12.4 cm) depth.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA rare and highly sculptural example of Colima figural pottery, distinguished by its complex narrative scene and strong visual presence.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53049978683689,"sku":null,"price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/IMG-6365.jpg?v=1777076271"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-moche-iv-shamanic-figural-vessel","title":"Pre-Columbian Moche IV Shaman Figural Vessel","description":"\u003cp\u003eA finely modeled Pre-Columbian figural vessel from the Moche culture of ancient Peru, dating to approximately 100–700 CE (Moche Phase IV). The vessel depicts a shamanic or ritual specialist figure, shown holding a cluster of ulluchu fruit—an element closely associated with Moche ceremonial and sacrificial iconography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe figure is rendered with a composed, stylized expression, framed by large earspools and an elaborate headdress incorporating a recumbent animal form. The rounded body rises into a tall, flared neck, consistent with Moche vessel forms of the period. The hands are carefully modeled, grasping ritual elements that reinforce the ceremonial identity of the figure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe surface retains an exceptionally well-preserved red slip, with visible mineral deposits and areas of manganese accretion consistent with age and long-term burial. Painted and relief details remain clear, including facial markings and geometric motifs on the reverse. The vessel presents in strong overall condition, with surface wear appropriate to its antiquity. 11 1\/2\" in height. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEx Devon Nicks collection, CO., acquired from a private Colorado estate. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53067603345705,"sku":null,"price":1200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/rn-image_picker_lib_temp_43c54ff9-4175-441d-a4e2-621bf80e2e8c.jpg?v=1777424834"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-olmec-serpentine-head-fragment","title":"Pre-Columbian Olmec Serpentine head fragment","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Olmec Serpentine Head Fragment – Mexico\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMiddle Formative Period, ca. 1200–400 BCE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA finely carved serpentine head fragment originating from the Olmec culture, the earliest major civilization of Mesoamerica. The piece, once part of a larger sculptural figure, presents a refined and compact visage with characteristic Olmec features: almond-shaped eyes, a broad, softly modeled nose, and full lips rendered with subtle naturalism. The cranial form rises into a stylized, tapering contour, possibly indicating a headdress or coiffure element.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe lower portion of the fragment has been intentionally reworked in antiquity and drilled, a practice documented in Olmec lapidary traditions, where fragments of earlier sculptures were repurposed for suspension or secondary ritual use. This modification adds an additional layer of historical significance, reflecting the object’s continued life and cultural relevance beyond its original form.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe surface displays extensive root etching, mineral accretions, and areas of calcification, consistent with prolonged burial. The stone retains a rich, mottled patina, enhancing the sculptural depth and visual presence of the piece.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMounted on a custom metal display.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHeight:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e 2 1\/8 in.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Estate of Douglas Rhodenbaugh, Austin, Texas\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53087238750505,"sku":null,"price":2000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/8C65ADE1-A560-4E8B-9375-D1476467B921.jpg?v=1777691802"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-maya-stone-dwarf-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Maya Stone Dwarf Figure","description":"\u003cp\u003ePre-Columbian Maya stone dwarf figure with turban-like headdress, ca. 600–900 CE, Guatemala. Finely carved in dense volcanic stone, the figure is depicted seated with knees drawn upward and arms wrapped around the body in a compact, contemplative pose. The facial features are sensitively rendered with heavy-lidded eyes, broad nose, and pronounced lips, while the large ears and wrapped turban-style headdress are characteristic of Maya sculptural traditions from the Southern Highlands and Alta Verapaz region.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigures depicting dwarfs or hunchbacked individuals held important symbolic and ceremonial roles within Maya society, often associated with courtly life, ritual knowledge, and supernatural symbolism. The sculpture possesses an attractive surface with ancient weathering and mineral deposits throughout, emphasizing its age and long burial.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn expressive and highly sculptural example of Maya stone carving with strong visual presence from all angles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Ex Public Sale, New York; from the estate of a prominent architect, Stockbridge, Massachusetts.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53202508677417,"sku":null,"price":2000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/787330F9-D210-4832-A371-D4C7A9C980FB.jpg?v=1779575211"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-maya-pottery-figure-2","title":"Pre-Columbian Maya pottery figure","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Maya pottery seated figure, Guatemala, ca. 600–900 CE. Depicting an elite female figure seated with hands resting upon her knees, adorned with an elaborate headdress featuring crossed elements and large ear ornaments. Traces of original red pigment remain visible across the forehead, while the figure retains a strong sculptural presence with softly modeled facial features and extensive ceremonial adornment. The reverse is hollow-formed with vent holes typical of Maya ceramic sculpture from the Late Classic period.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe figure exhibits a beautiful earthen surface with mineral deposits and light burial encrustation throughout, enhancing its authenticity and age. An impressive example of Maya figural pottery displaying both ceremonial costume and refined artistic execution.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHeight: 7 1\/4 in. (18.4 cm).\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Ex\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"\u003e  \u003c\/span\u003eVogt Auction Galleries, Texas; Estate of Douglas Rhodenbaugh, Austin, Texas. Rhodenbaugh was a noted educator, collector, and humanitarian who spent decades traveling throughout Latin America assembling a significant collection of folk and Pre-Columbian art. \u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53202514215209,"sku":null,"price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/9DB74EAC-0BDB-4D42-86FC-B0D074F6F42E.jpg?v=1779575570"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-maya-pottery-figure-3","title":"Pre-Columbian Maya pottery figure","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Maya pottery seated female figure, Guatemala, ca. 600–900 CE. Finely modeled kneeling figure depicted with hands resting upon the knees, adorned with an elaborate tiered headdress, large circular ear ornaments, necklace, and bracelets. The face displays the refined almond-shaped eyes and serene expression characteristic of Late Classic Maya ceramic sculpture. The figure is hollow-formed with vent holes visible at the reverse and retains an attractive earthen surface with areas of mineral deposits and burial accretions throughout.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe sculptural quality and balanced proportions give the figure a strong ceremonial presence, while the elaborate headdress and jewelry likely denote elite or noble status. Examples of this type were often associated with ritual or funerary contexts within the Maya region of Guatemala.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHeight: 6 1\/2 in. (16.5 cm).\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Ex Vogt Galleries, Texas; Estate of Douglas Rhodenbaugh, Austin, Texas.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53202522767657,"sku":null,"price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/88BD7A2A-B0B9-4917-9B6D-58A387478C17.jpg?v=1779575951"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-maya-pottery-kneeling-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Maya pottery kneeling figure","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Maya pottery kneeling female figure, Guatemala, ca. 600–900 CE. Depicting an elegantly modeled female figure seated in a kneeling posture with hands resting upon the thighs, adorned with large circular ear ornaments, necklace, bracelets, and an elaborate segmented coiffure or headdress. The figure displays characteristic Maya facial features including elongated almond-shaped eyes and full lips, rendered in a refined sculptural manner associated with Late Classic Maya ceramic traditions.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe torso is sensitively modeled with applied ornamental details along the shoulders and jewelry, while the figure retains a rich earthen surface with mineral deposits and burial accretions throughout. Hollow-formed with vent holes, typical of Maya figural pottery from Guatemala. A strong and highly decorative example exhibiting both ceremonial regalia and elegant proportions.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHeight: 7 in. (17.8 cm).\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Ex Vogt Auction Galleries, Texas; Estate of Douglas Rhodenbaugh, Austin, Texas.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53202531221801,"sku":null,"price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/F9406AB9-EDF1-4F95-8076-C49B7EB2472D.jpg?v=1779576296"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-jalisco-san-juanito-style-pottery-female-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Jalisco San Juanito Style Pottery Female Figure","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Jalisco San Juanito Style Pottery Female Figure\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJalisco, Mexico\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eca. 100 BCE–250 CE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis impressive hollow pottery figure represents a standing female rendered in the distinctive San Juanito style of ancient West Mexico. She is depicted with an elongated head, prominent nose, appliqué ear ornaments, and raised arms. Traces of red pigment remain visible across the lower body and feet, while extensive mineral deposits and burial accretions attest to the figure’s great antiquity.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFigures of this type were produced by the shaft-tomb cultures of Jalisco and were interred as funerary offerings alongside the deceased. Such sculptures are believed to have represented ancestors, important community members, or participants in ceremonial activities associated with death and the afterlife. The expressive modeling and imposing scale of the present example exemplify the artistic achievements of the ancient peoples of West Mexico.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHeight: 13 7\/8 in. (35.2 cm)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx Lion \u0026amp; Unicorn, Hollywood, Florida.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx Private Florida Collection.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53217272758569,"sku":null,"price":950.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/E0DEABA0-083A-46A0-BC3A-7CAF88BA4FC4.jpg?v=1780067706"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-maya-stucco-bowl","title":"Pre-Columbian Maya stucco bowl","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Maya Polychrome Stucco Bowl\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHonduras, Late Classic Period, ca. 400–900 CE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA remarkable Maya polychrome stucco bowl featuring surviving painted decoration in cream, yellow, and red pigments over a rich red ground. The vessel displays stylized avian imagery characteristic of Classic Period Maya ceramics from Honduras. Reassembled from ancient fragments with expected losses and surface wear consistent with age. Despite its condition, the bowl retains strong visual appeal and serves as an excellent example of ancient Maya painted pottery traditions.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e 5 3\/4” Diameter x 3” H\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx. Revere Auctions, St. Paul, Minnesota\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx. Private Minnesota Collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53263586296105,"sku":null,"price":495.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/C1BEE7CB-F398-4BDA-BF80-5BF6B78BAB2F.jpg?v=1781351917"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-zapotec-blackware-spouted-vessel","title":"Pre-Columbian Zapotec Blackware Spouted Vessel","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Zapotec Blackware Spouted Vessel\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMonte Albán, Oaxaca, Mexico, ca. 300 BCE–700 CE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn elegant Zapotec blackware vessel from the famed ceremonial center of Monte Albán in Oaxaca. The vessel features a finely burnished globular body, tall flaring neck, and distinctive bridge-form handle connecting to the spout. Incised flowing linear motifs encircle the shoulder, reflecting the refined ceramic traditions developed by Zapotec artisans over centuries.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe dark polished surface exhibits ancient wear, mineral deposits, and areas of encrustation consistent with long-term burial and age. Both sculptural and functional in form, this vessel is an excellent example of classic Zapotec blackware and displays beautifully from every angle.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e 8 1\/2” H\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx Private California Collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAcquired from Gallery in Beverly Hills, California\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53263587311913,"sku":null,"price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/EB1FA276-E00C-455F-A66E-69DD38A3A41D.jpg?v=1781353079"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-vicus-copper-butterfly-tupu-pin","title":"Pre-Columbian Inca Copper Butterfly Tupu Pin","description":"\u003cp\u003eInca Copper-Alloy Tupu (Dress Pin)\u003cbr\u003eInca Empire, Late Horizon, ca. 1400–1532 CE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn authentic Inca copper-alloy tupu, a traditional Andean dress pin used by women to secure garments such as the acsu and lliclla. This example features a distinctive double-spiral head above a triangular body and long tapering shaft, a form associated with Inca-period personal adornment and status display.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eComparable spiral-headed tupu forms are illustrated in Cobre del Antiguo Perú: The Copper of Ancient Peru, including a closely related example of nearly identical design. Similar examples are also represented in major museum collections, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where a related tupu is attributed to the Inca period.\u003cbr\u003eTupus served both practical and symbolic functions within Andean society and are among the most recognizable metal objects of the Inca Empire. The elegant spiral motif and refined construction reflect the sophisticated metalworking traditions of the Late Horizon period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCulture: Inca\u003cbr\u003eDate: ca. 1400–1532 CE\u003cbr\u003eMaterial: Copper Alloy\u003cbr\u003eDimensions: \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProvenance:\u003cbr\u003eEx Bruno Wassermann Collection (1920–1959).\u003cbr\u003eEx Herbert Frey Collection (1959–1994).\u003cbr\u003eSold by Joel L. Malter Galleries, Encino, California, December 14, 1994, to Paul Randazzo.\u003cbr\u003eAccompanied by a copy of the original Joel L. Malter Galleries receipt.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53263587705129,"sku":null,"price":700.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/8C9CC28E-4674-45F9-9AF5-2A89CDC550A7.jpg?v=1781353465"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-moche-copper-tumi-knife","title":"Pre-Columbian Moche Copper Tumi Knife","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Moche Copper Tumi Knife\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePeru, ca. 100–800 CE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn exceptional Moche copper ceremonial tumi featuring a crescent-shaped blade surmounted by a finely cast openwork feline figure. Among the most iconic forms of ancient Andean metalwork, tumis held ceremonial and ritual significance and are closely associated with elite status and religious practices in ancient Peru.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan\u003eThe feline finial is particularly noteworthy, as felines occupied a central role in Moche iconography, symbolizing power, authority, and connections to the supernatural realm. The piece displays an attractive ancient green patina with areas of burial accretion, further enhancing its visual appeal and authenticity.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eScarce in this form and accompanied by an outstanding provenance chain spanning nearly a century, this tumi represents an important example of Pre-Columbian Andean metallurgy.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e 5 3\/4” x 5 1\/4”\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx Bruno Wassermann Collection (1920–1959)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx Herbert Frey Collection (1959–1994)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSold by Joel L. Malter Galleries, Encino, California, December 14, 1994, to Paul Randazzo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOriginal Joel L. Malter Galleries receipt included\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53263595667753,"sku":null,"price":1800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/IMG-8716.jpg?v=1785886419"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-nayarit-san-sebastian-pottery-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Nayarit San Sebastián Pottery Figure","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Nayarit San Sebastián Pottery Figure\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWestern Mexico, ca. 100 BCE–250 CE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHeight: 18 3\/4 in. (47.6 cm)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLarge and impressive hollow pottery figure from the San Sebastián tradition of ancient Nayarit, depicting a standing female figure with hands resting upon the abdomen. The figure wears a distinctive headdress, circular ear ornaments, and a neck collar, while retaining traces of red slip and darker mineralized surface deposits developed over centuries of burial. The elongated facial features and robust form are characteristic of the sculptural traditions of western Mexico during the Late Formative and Early Classic periods.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe surface exhibits attractive age-related wear, mineral encrustation, and burial accretions consistent with long-term interment. A substantial example of Nayarit ceramic artistry, displaying strong visual presence and excellent scale for display.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx Nye \u0026amp; Company, New Jersey.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx Private New Jersey Collection.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA striking and highly decorative example of ancient West Mexican ceramic sculpture.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53263600255273,"sku":null,"price":1800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/1B90F5D5-A1D2-445B-A27D-C3594ABA30F7.png?v=1781356419"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-inca-wooden-kero","title":"Pre-Columbian Inca Wooden Kero","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Inca Wooden Kero\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePeru, Inca Empire, ca. 1400–1532 CE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA finely carved wooden kero (qero) of classic Inca form, featuring deeply incised geometric decoration composed of alternating triangular motifs filled with parallel linear hatching. Ceremonial drinking vessels such as this were used by the Inca nobility during ritual feasting, diplomatic gatherings, and religious ceremonies, often serving as symbols of status, reciprocity, and social alliance.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe vessel displays a rich, dark patina developed through centuries of age and handling, highlighting the craftsmanship of the carved design. Particularly noteworthy is the presence of an ancient indigenous repair visible along one side and within the interior. Such repairs demonstrate the value placed upon these vessels by their original owners, who chose to preserve and continue using them rather than discard them. Evidence of long-term use and preservation provides an important historical dimension rarely encountered in surviving examples.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e 6 1\/8 inches (15.6 cm) high\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx Private New York Collection.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx James Cole Collection, California.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAncient repair with associated old stabilization visible along the sidewall and interior. Age cracks, expected surface wear, and minor abrasions consistent with age. Rich patina throughout. Structurally stable and highly displayable.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn authentic and visually striking example of Inca ceremonial woodwork, distinguished by its elegant form, strong geometric carving, exceptional patina, and compelling evidence of ancient indigenous repair.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53263644918057,"sku":null,"price":600.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/26C6254E-52EC-433D-B886-57FA2A4AE47C.jpg?v=1781362822"},{"product_id":"untitled-jun13_12-18-07","title":"Pre-Columbian Moche Canchero with Warrior Headdress and Serpent Motifs","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Moche Canchero with Warrior Headdress and Serpent Motifs\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePeru, ca. 100–800 CE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHeight: 12 inches\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA striking Moche pottery canchero vessel depicting a finely modeled anthropomorphic figure rising from a long cylindrical neck above a globular body. The individual wears an elaborate helmet-like headdress adorned with radiating serpent-form elements terminating in zoomorphic heads, a powerful motif associated with elite status, warfare, and the supernatural realm within Moche iconography.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe vessel exhibits the classic red-orange coloration characteristic of Moche ceramics and retains substantial burial deposits and mineral encrustation consistent with long-term interment. The expressive facial features, prominent ear ornaments, and intricate headdress remain remarkably well preserved, showcasing the exceptional sculptural skill for which Moche artisans are renowned.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCancheros are among the most distinctive forms of Moche pottery and are believed to have been used in ceremonial and domestic contexts, often associated with the storage or serving of maize. This example combines a desirable vessel form with an impressive sculptural representation, making it an excellent addition to any collection of Pre-Columbian art.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx Kleinfelter’s Auction, Pennsylvania.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx Private Pennsylvania Collection.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAncient surface wear, burial deposits, mineral encrustation, and scattered losses to the slip consistent with age. Overall well preserved with strong visual presentation.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53263760392489,"sku":null,"price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/IMG-7568.jpg?v=1781363959"},{"product_id":"rare-pre-columbian-chancay-ceremonial-litter-figure","title":"Rare Pre-Columbian Chancay Ceremonial Litter Figure","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Chancay pottery litter figure, Peru, ca. 1000–1470 CE. A rare and highly unusual example depicting a stylized anthropomorphic figure seated within a ceremonial litter or carrying platform. The rectangular form is decorated with projecting side elements, painted geometric motifs, and dark linear designs, while the front features a molded human figure with large circular eyes and a distinctive facial expression.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLitter scenes are uncommon in Chancay pottery and are believed to reference elite transport, ceremonial processions, or representations of high-status individuals. The vessel displays the characteristic cream, brown, and black painted palette associated with Chancay ceramics and retains attractive burial deposits and age-related surface wear consistent with long-term interment.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA scarce and visually striking example of Chancay figural pottery, combining sculptural and painted decoration in a form rarely encountered on the market.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Ex Alberto Chavez Collection, Las Vegas, Nevada. Ex Private Las Vegas, Nevada Estate. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDimensions: 6 inches x 5 3\/4 inches.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53263770386729,"sku":null,"price":600.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/EA371144-A2F2-4F84-9D4D-349B3015065C.jpg?v=1781368148"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-tiwanaku-tiahuanaco-stone-feline-ceremonial-kero","title":"Pre-Columbian Tiwanaku (Tiahuanaco) Stone Feline Ceremonial Kero","description":"\u003cp\u003eFinely carved stone ceremonial kero depicting a powerful feline emerging from the front of the vessel, its expressive face rendered with prominent eyes, rounded ears, and an open mouth displaying stylized fangs. The vessel is skillfully hollowed from a single block of stone and exhibits a well-developed surface patina, ancient wear, and mineral encrustations consistent with long-term age.\u003cbr\u003eStone keros are among the more desirable ceremonial objects of the Tiwanaku civilization, a culture renowned for its monumental architecture, sophisticated stone carving, and complex religious traditions centered around the high Andes. Unlike the more commonly encountered ceramic examples, stone vessels were prestigious objects likely reserved for elite ceremonial use, including ritual libations and important communal gatherings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHeight: 2 3\/4 in. (7 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Ex. Ruby Catalano, Malta, New York; Ex. James Cole Estate, California, acquired prior to 1970.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53304347394345,"sku":null,"price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/rn-image_picker_lib_temp_24ef20d7-1c5e-46a4-9d4d-8a1a8e7bb0d8.jpg?v=1782961653"},{"product_id":"untitled-jul2_14-06-34","title":"Pre-Columbian Salinar Transition Prisoner Vessel","description":"\u003cp\u003eNorth Coast, Peru, ca. 100 BCE–200 CE\u003cbr\u003eHeight: 6 3\/8 in. (16.2 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExceptional sculptural pottery stirrup-spout vessel depicting a bound prisoner, dating to the important transitional period between the Salinar and early Moche cultures on Peru's north coast. The seated captive is portrayed with arms secured behind his back, crossed legs, incised facial paint, and white pigment highlights that emphasize the facial features and body ornaments. The vessel combines classic Salinar ceramic traditions with the increasingly naturalistic modeling that would become a hallmark of Moche art. The Salinar culture represents the crucial bridge between the earlier Cupisnique tradition and the rise of the Moche civilization. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFine reddish-brown burnished surface with excellent preservation and strong sculptural quality. Prisoner vessels are among the earliest artistic expressions of themes that later became central to Moche ceremonial art, reflecting warfare, ritual, and social hierarchy. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProvenance: Ex. Revere Auctions, St. Paul, Minnesota. Ex. Private Minnesota Collection.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53305689604393,"sku":null,"price":6500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/rn-image_picker_lib_temp_aab70bc2-1544-40a3-bdef-c7d9a3c6782f.jpg?v=1783015611"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-chancay-huacho-pair-of-standing-figures","title":"Pre-Columbian Chancay-Huacho Pair of Standing Figures","description":"\u003cp\u003eCentral Coast, Peru, Chancay Culture, ca. 1000–1470 CE\u003cbr\u003eHeights: 18 in. (45.7 cm) \u0026amp; 17 in. (43.2 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImpressive matched pair of large Chancay-Huacho pottery standing figures, each modeled with outstretched arms, expressive faces, and distinctive white and orange painted decoration. The male wears a prominent multi-pointed headdress, while the female displays a plain coiffure. These large ceremonial figures are characteristic of the Chancay-Huacho tradition and were created as funerary offerings, reflecting the artistic style and burial customs of Peru's Central Coast during the Late Intermediate Period.\u003cbr\u003eBoth figures retain traces of their original white slip and orange pigment, with the characteristic geometric painted designs that define Chancay ceramics. Their impressive scale makes them particularly striking examples of this iconic sculptural form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCondition: Both figures have been professionally restored from multiple original fragments, with restoration visible along the break lines. The male figure's orange facial paint has been repainted, while the female's orange pigment has been sympathetically touched up. Several restored breaks remain visible on the female figure. The restorations are stable and present well for display.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Ex. Lion \u0026amp; Unicorn, Hollywood, Florida. Acquired from a Private Florida Collection.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53306204029225,"sku":null,"price":3500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/rn-image_picker_lib_temp_913b1d97-6f73-45dd-9e42-cdabae0fc810.png?v=1783037196"},{"product_id":"pair-of-pre-columbian-mixtec-jade-bird-ornaments","title":"Pair of Pre-Columbian Mixtec Jade Bird Ornaments","description":"\u003cp\u003ePair of Pre-Columbian Mixtec Jade Bird Ornaments\u003cbr\u003eMexico, Mixtec Culture, ca. 1200–1521 CE\u003cbr\u003eDimensions: Each 1 7\/8\" × 1 3\/8\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA finely carved pair of Pre-Columbian jade bird ornaments from the Mixtec culture of ancient Mexico. Carved from pale green jade with attractive russet iron staining and natural burial patina, each pendant depicts a stylized bird with elegantly rendered wings, beak, and eye. Suspension holes at the top indicate they were intended to be worn as pendants or attached to ceremonial garments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBirds held important symbolic significance in Mixtec art, often representing the connection between the earthly and celestial realms. The pair displays excellent craftsmanship and a beautiful ancient surface developed over centuries.\u003cbr\u003eBoth ornaments retain old collection inventory numbers painted in red on the reverse, a cataloging practice commonly associated with museums and early private collections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCondition: Excellent overall condition with expected age-related surface wear and old collection inventory numbers on the reverse.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProvenance: Ex. Lisa Winters Collection, Illinois; acquired by family descent.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53314650112297,"sku":null,"price":2000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/IMG-8717.jpg?v=1785886379"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-inca-pottery-llama-head-vessel","title":"Pre-Columbian Inca Pottery Llama Head Vessel","description":"\u003cp\u003ePre-Columbian Inca Pottery Llama Head Vessel\u003cbr\u003eInca Empire, Peru, ca. 1400–1532 CE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFine pottery vessel modeled in the form of a llama head, one of the most important animals of the Inca world. Llamas were essential for transportation, wool, food, and were frequently offered in religious ceremonies dedicated to the gods and mountain deities. This vessel features a naturalistic head with expressive eyes, modeled ears, and a flared spout, all covered in a dark burnished slip that highlights the elegant sculptural form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnimal effigy vessels such as this were used in ceremonial and domestic contexts and reflect the Inca's close relationship with the animals that sustained their empire.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA beautiful and highly collectible example of late Pre-Columbian Inca pottery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Ex. Private Florida Collection. Ex. Fénix Fine Arts, Florida.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53314669216041,"sku":null,"price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/rn-image_picker_lib_temp_e5c89910-d3b7-4e54-8690-797aadbcfdc4.png?v=1783391519"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-veracruz-sonriente-head-fragment","title":"Pre-Columbian Veracruz Sonriente Head Fragment","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eClassic Veracruz Culture, Mexico, ca. 600–900 CE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFinely modeled terracotta head fragment depicting a smiling figure from the renowned Veracruz Sonriente tradition. The expressive face features the culture’s characteristic closed almond-shaped eyes, broad joyful smile, prominent circular ear ornaments, and an elaborate headdress decorated with geometric motifs in low relief. The exceptional craftsmanship and animated expression exemplify the distinctive artistic style that made these figures among the most recognizable creations of ancient Mesoamerica.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVeracruz Sonriente figures are believed to have played an important role in ceremonial life, often associated with music, dance, ritual performance, and concepts of fertility, renewal, and celebration. Their expressive smiles and lively features have become iconic representations of Classic Period Veracruz art.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe fragment is well preserved, retaining crisp facial modeling, finely defined headdress decoration, and an attractive warm buff surface with natural earthen deposits and age-related wear consistent with long burial. Mounted on a custom display stand for exhibition.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDimensions: 5 5\/8” H x 6 1\/4” W\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Ex. Abell Auction, Los Angeles, California. Ex. Important Private Southern California Estate.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53318093308201,"sku":null,"price":600.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/IMG-7856.jpg?v=1783478206"},{"product_id":"rare-pre-columbian-proto-nazca-bird-and-floral-textile-fringe","title":"Rare Pre-Columbian Proto-Nazca Bird and Floral Textile Fringe","description":"\u003cp\u003eSouth Coast Peru, Proto-Nazca Culture, ca. 100 BCE–100 CE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA rare and finely woven Proto-Nazca textile fringe depicting stylized birds and floral motifs, masterfully crafted from camelid fiber, likely alpaca or llama wool. The vibrant polychrome weaving and intricate openwork composition exemplify the remarkable artistry and technical sophistication of early South Coast Peruvian textile traditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFringes of this type originally adorned ceremonial garments or prestigious textiles, serving as both decorative and symbolic elements. The combination of avian and botanical imagery reflects themes closely associated with fertility, nature, and the spiritual world in Proto-Nazca iconography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProfessionally mounted in a custom shadowbox frame for both preservation and display.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTextile Length: 6 in. (15.2 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProvenance: Ex. Private Florida Collection. Ex. Fenix Fine Arts.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53318126305577,"sku":null,"price":600.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/rn-image_picker_lib_temp_b16c9a6b-6bc8-4bd9-b411-1eb8fccf8766.jpg?v=1783481988"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-proto-maya-olmecoid-figure-chalchuapa-el-salvador","title":"Pre-Columbian Proto-Maya Olmecoid Figure – Chalchuapa, El Salvador","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian Chalchuapa Seated Figure\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChalchuapa, El Salvador, Late Preclassic Period, ca. 500 BCE–250 CE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis finely modeled ceramic figure originates from the important ceremonial center of Chalchuapa, one of the principal cultural and political centers of the Late Preclassic Maya world in western El Salvador. Rendered in a seated posture with legs splayed and hands resting upon the abdomen, the figure displays broad Olmecoid facial features, pierced ear spools, an elaborate cranial coiffure, and a necklace with a circular pendant. The restrained modeling and balanced proportions exemplify the sculptural traditions that flourished during a formative period in southeastern Mesoamerica, when Olmec artistic conventions merged with emerging Proto-Maya cultural expressions. Figures of this type are believed to have represented revered ancestors, elite individuals, or participants in ritual activity, reflecting the increasing social and religious complexity of Late Preclassic society.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe present example is distinguished by its expressive sculptural quality and excellent state of preservation. The surface retains an attractive light buff slip with scattered traces of mineral deposits and age-related wear consistent with long burial, while the carefully modeled facial features, ornaments, and body details remain remarkably crisp. Works from Chalchuapa are among the most significant ceramic sculptures of the Preclassic period and provide important insight into the artistic and ideological foundations from which the Classic Maya civilization would later emerge.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e 7”\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Ex. Bill Hanlon Collection, Santa Fe, New Mexico.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53318132105513,"sku":null,"price":425.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/2A59EE80-90AA-44CF-964F-E89700011712.jpg?v=1783483074"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-bahia-painted-standing-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Bahía Painted Standing Figure","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEcuador, Manabí Province, Bahía Culture, ca. 500 BC–500 AD\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHeight:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e 9 3\/8 in. (23.8 cm)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA finely modeled Pre-Columbian ceramic standing figure from the Bahía culture of coastal Ecuador. The figure displays the characteristic elongated head, heavy-lidded eyes, prominent nose, and applied ear ornaments associated with Bahía artistry. The lower body is decorated with carefully incised geometric motifs representing a wrapped garment or textile, while the surface retains attractive traces of its original red, cream, and black pigments.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe hollow construction features ancient vent holes from the firing process, and the figure has developed an appealing earthen patina with areas of mineral encrustation and age-related surface wear consistent with long burial. It remains in excellent overall condition with no visible evidence of modern restoration.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIllustrated examples of this form appear in Frederick J. Dockstader’s \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIndian Art in South America\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e (Plate 46), where similar Bahía standing figures are discussed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Ex. Riley Auctions, Indiana; Ex. House of the Six Directions, Scottsdale, Arizona, retaining the original dealer tag on the reverse.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA handsome and well-provenanced example of Bahía ceramic sculpture, representing one of the most accomplished artistic traditions of ancient coastal Ecuador.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53341245473065,"sku":null,"price":850.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/IMG-8186.jpg?v=1784306304"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-colima-pottery-drinker-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Colima Pottery Drinker Figure","description":"\u003cp\u003ePre-Columbian Colima Pottery Drinker Figure\u003cbr\u003eWest Mexico, Colima Culture, Protoclassic Period, ca. 100 BCE–250 CE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHeight: 9 3\/8 in. (23.8 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA finely modeled red-slipped pottery figure depicting a seated individual holding a drinking bowl that serves as the vessel's spout. The expressive facial features, rounded forms, and naturalistic posture exemplify the celebrated sculptural tradition of the Colima culture, renowned for its lively representations of people, animals, and scenes from daily life. The hollow body functions as the liquid chamber, combining artistic refinement with practical design.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eVessels of this type were created for ceremonial and funerary use, reflecting the Colima belief in providing offerings and essential objects for the afterlife. The figure retains an attractive red slip with scattered mineral deposits and surface wear consistent with long burial. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProvenance: Ex. Kevin Martin Collection, Florida; Ex. Private Florida Collection; Ex. Gregg Manning Galleries (formerly Harmer Rooke Galleries), June 22, 1996, Lot 3377.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53347346514217,"sku":null,"price":900.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/rn-image_picker_lib_temp_5b8b41b8-33c1-4f05-8e03-5fe5953193a3.png?v=1784662159"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/collections\/PhotoRoom_003_20231029_093123.jpg?v=1756228685","url":"https:\/\/minerva-gallery.com\/collections\/pre-columbian.oembed?page=3","provider":"Minerva Gallery","version":"1.0","type":"link"}