{"title":"Sold items","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"pre-columbian-maya-jaguar-burial-urn-lid-fragment","title":"Pre-Columbian Maya Jaguar Burial urn lid fragment","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"207\" data-end=\"463\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"207\" data-end=\"223\"\u003eObject Type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Burial urn lid fragment (jaguar head)\u003cbr data-start=\"261\" data-end=\"264\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"264\" data-end=\"276\"\u003eCulture:\u003c\/strong\u003e Maya\u003cbr data-start=\"281\" data-end=\"284\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"284\" data-end=\"300\"\u003eRegion\/Site:\u003c\/strong\u003e Quiché, Guatemala\u003cbr data-start=\"318\" data-end=\"321\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"321\" data-end=\"332\"\u003ePeriod:\u003c\/strong\u003e Late Classic\u003cbr data-start=\"345\" data-end=\"348\" data-is-only-node=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"348\" data-end=\"357\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e c. 600–900 CE\u003cbr data-start=\"371\" data-end=\"374\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"374\" data-end=\"387\"\u003eMaterial:\u003c\/strong\u003e Terracotta with traces of pigment\u003cbr data-start=\"421\" data-end=\"424\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"424\" data-end=\"439\"\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 6 3\/8\" x 4 5\/8\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"465\" data-end=\"1033\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"465\" data-end=\"481\"\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"481\" data-end=\"484\"\u003eThis terracotta fragment represents the head of a jaguar, once part of the lid of a Maya burial urn. The head is hand-modeled with rounded proportions and a coarse, weathered surface. Distinct features include large rounded ears projecting outward, recessed circular eyes retaining traces of red pigment, and a broad snout with incised nostrils. The mouth is slightly open, showing modeled teeth and pronounced cheek ridges. The reddish-brown clay preserves faint remnants of red and white paint, indicating that the urn was originally polychrome. (\u003cstrong\u003eSee last image of a full-size urn, and how this piece would of been part of the lid.\u003c\/strong\u003e)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1558\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1056\"\u003eCultural Context:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1056\" data-end=\"1059\"\u003eBurial urns were widely employed in Maya mortuary practices to house cremated remains and ritual offerings. Lids were often adorned with figures of deities, ancestors, or powerful animals. The jaguar was a central symbol in Maya belief, associated with rulership, night, and the underworld, as well as shamanic transformation. In the highlands of Quiché, jaguar imagery on funerary containers reflected the community’s desire to connect the deceased with supernatural forces and cycles of rebirth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1560\" data-end=\"1800\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1560\" data-end=\"1577\"\u003eSignificance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1577\" data-end=\"1580\"\u003eThough fragmentary, this piece illustrates the strong symbolic and ritual importance of jaguar iconography in highland Maya funerary traditions and highlights the region’s contribution to Classic Maya ceramic artistry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1560\" data-end=\"1800\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1560\" data-end=\"1800\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx Leigh Fincher, Florida collection, acquired on the U.S. art market in the mid-20th century.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50853421089065,"sku":null,"price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/rn-image_picker_lib_temp_2b1bed3c-f109-40a9-bfa7-02b99b6f9145.png?v=1759806659"},{"product_id":"maya-polychrome-cylinder-vessel-cacao-glyph-band-holmul-style","title":"Maya Polychrome painted bowl","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"532\" data-end=\"916\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1960\" data-end=\"1972\"\u003eCulture:\u003c\/strong\u003e Maya\u003cbr data-start=\"1991\" data-end=\"1994\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1994\" data-end=\"2003\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e ca. 600–900 CE (Classic Period)\u003cbr data-start=\"2035\" data-end=\"2038\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2038\" data-end=\"2049\"\u003eMedium:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ceramic with polychrome slip decoration\u003cbr data-start=\"2089\" data-end=\"2092\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2092\" data-end=\"2107\"\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 7 7\/8\" x 4 3\/8\"\u003cbr data-start=\"2138\" data-end=\"2141\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2141\" data-end=\"2152\"\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e Guatemala\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"532\" data-end=\"916\"\u003eAn authentic and finely painted Maya bowl from the Classic Period (ca. 600–900 CE),This tall, straight-walled vessel was used not for drinking a frothy cacao beverage, but for serving or consuming a \u003cstrong data-start=\"818\" data-end=\"839\"\u003ecacao-based gruel\u003c\/strong\u003e, a thick ritual preparation combining cacao with maize or other ingredients.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"918\" data-end=\"1340\"\u003eThe exterior features polychrome decoration in red, black, and cream pigments over an orange slip. A central decorative band presents \u003cstrong data-start=\"1052\" data-end=\"1074\"\u003eglyph-like symbols\u003c\/strong\u003e, a red scroll pattern encircles the lower body of the vessel. A wide red rim band completes the composition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1342\" data-end=\"1648\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1342\" data-end=\"1357\"\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 7 7\/8\" x 4 3\/8\"\u003cbr data-start=\"1395\" data-end=\"1398\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1398\" data-end=\"1412\"\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Professionally reassembled from original fragments with visible crack lines; minor rim losses and wear consistent with age and burial.\u003cbr data-start=\"1547\" data-end=\"1550\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1550\" data-end=\"1565\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cspan\u003eEx, David Fincher, TX, Ex, Bob Awe Texas, collected prior to 1970.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1650\" data-end=\"1851\"\u003eA culturally rich vessel that illustrates the diversity of cacao use in Maya society—not only as a drink but as a ritual food. A rare piece for collectors of Mesoamerican epigraphy and ritual ceramics.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50853535252777,"sku":null,"price":700.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/Photoroom-20250826_142701_1.png?v=1756233052"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-maya-jade-pendant","title":"Pre-Columbian Maya jade pendant","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"95\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"41\"\u003eMaya Jade Pendant, circa 600–900 A.D.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"41\" data-end=\"44\"\u003eHeight: 1 ¾ in. (4.4 cm); Width: 1 ½ in. (3.8 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"97\" data-end=\"600\"\u003eAn exceptional jade pendant of the Classic Maya period, masterfully carved with the visage of a deity or noble ancestor. The compact, rectangular form presents a high-relief face with downturned lips, wide, heavy-lidded eyes, and prominent circular earflares, framed by undulating locks of hair that flow across the forehead in deeply incised curves. The reverse is smoothly worked, with a recessed drill hole for suspension, indicating its use as a personal adornment imbued with ritual significance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"602\" data-end=\"1066\"\u003eFashioned from fine green jade, the surface is enlivened by a striking vein of imperial jade, coursing diagonally across the face, imbuing the work with both visual vitality and spiritual resonance. Among the Maya, jade was regarded as the most precious of materials, symbolizing life-force, breath, and divine power. Pendants such as this were not merely ornaments, but sacred emblems of lineage and authority, often worn by rulers or interred in elite burials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1068\" data-end=\"1243\"\u003eThe pendant demonstrates both technical refinement and deep cultural meaning, embodying the Maya reverence for jade as a conduit between the earthly and supernatural realms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1245\" data-end=\"1302\"\u003eProvenance: Ex Associated Estate \u0026amp; Appraisal Co., RI, Ex Private Cranston, RI. collection, Ex John Platt collection, NYC.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51250049548585,"sku":null,"price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail_-_2025-09-23T195443.486.png?v=1758671720"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-maya-stucco-head-of-a-dignitary","title":"Pre-Columbian Maya Stucco Head","description":"\u003cp data-end=\"83\" data-start=\"0\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"55\" data-start=\"0\"\u003eMaya Stucco Head of a Dignitary, circa 600–900 A.D.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"58\" data-start=\"55\"\u003eHeight: 8 ¼ in. (21 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"513\" data-start=\"85\"\u003eA powerful Maya stucco head portraying the serene countenance of a high-ranking dignitary, modeled with exceptional refinement and sensitivity. The figure’s softly rounded features—closed eyes, gently curved lips, and aquiline nose—convey an expression of introspection and solemnity. The face is framed by large circular earspools and an elaborate coiffure, the central crest sweeping upward into a layered headdress element.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1014\" data-start=\"515\"\u003eRemnants of green, red, and cream pigment are preserved on the surface, evoking the original polychrome that once enlivened the figure within a temple or palace setting. Stucco portraiture held a privileged place in Maya art, adorning architecture and sanctuaries with lifelike representations of rulers, nobles, and deities. This head, with its idealized yet individualized features, likely formed part of a larger mural or sculptural program emphasizing dynastic continuity and divine authority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1271\" data-start=\"1016\"\u003eThe present work exemplifies the Maya mastery of stucco, a medium chosen for its ability to capture both delicacy and monumentality. Its intimate scale suggests it may have belonged to a shrine assemblage or been integrated into an architectural frieze. A custom metal hanging bracket has been affixed to the back of the stucco Maya head, secured with recessed screws into a reinforced backing plate. This mount allows the piece to be safely displayed on a wall while minimizing stress to the original surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1377\" data-start=\"1273\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1288\" data-start=\"1273\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Private Collection, Chicago, Illinois; acquired from art dealer Bettina Schwimmer, Chicago, 1982. Original receipt copy included. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51250072125737,"sku":null,"price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail_-_2025-09-25T180604.474.png?v=1758838020"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-olmec-pottery-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Olmec Pottery Figure","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"614\" data-end=\"623\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e ca. 900–500 B.C.\u003cbr data-start=\"640\" data-end=\"643\" data-is-only-node=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"643\" data-end=\"655\"\u003eCulture:\u003c\/strong\u003e Olmec\u003cbr data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"664\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"664\" data-end=\"675\"\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mexico\u003cbr data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"685\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"685\" data-end=\"700\"\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5 3\/16 in. (13.1 cm) high x 2 5\/8 in. (6.7 cm) wide\u003cbr data-start=\"752\" data-end=\"755\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"755\" data-end=\"770\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Private Florida collection, acquired from Barry Kernerman, Toronto; ex-collection Samuel Dubiner, Tel Aviv, 1960s.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePre-Columbian Olmec pottery figure, skillfully modeled in a standing pose with both arms held slightly away from the body, accentuating the rounded hips and elaborate, banded coiffure highlighted with traces of red pigment. The tan slip surface is further embellished with red-painted accents on the tips of the arms and feet, and scattered areas of strong mineral deposits attest to its ancient burial. The head, both arms, and left foot have been reattached with visible break lines; the figure is missing the left long hair lock with minor losses to the coiffure. Presented on a custom museum-quality stand.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51271628652841,"sku":null,"price":900.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2025-09-29T141308.526.png?v=1759347133"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-maya-pottery-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Maya Pottery Figure","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAuthentic Pre-Columbian Maya pottery figure from Guatemala, dating to the Classic Period (c. 600–900 AD). This hand-modeled terracotta sculpture stands 7 5\/8 inches (19.3 cm) tall and portrays a finely detailed individual with one arm raised to the head — a distinctive and expressive pose rarely seen in Maya ceramic art.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe figure displays classic Maya features such as almond-shaped eyes, prominent nose, earspools, and a headband-style headdress. The pose likely represents a ceremonial gesture, dance, or ritual action, and may depict a noble, priest, or ancestor figure. The elongated cranial shape suggests elite status or ritual significance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSurface deposits, mineral encrustations, and natural wear are consistent with ancient burial context. A vertical vent opening on the back suggests this piece may have functioned as an effigy vessel or whistle during ceremonies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThis is a beautiful and expressive example of Maya artistry, ideal for advanced collectors, museums, or anyone interested in authentic Mesoamerican artifacts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCulture: Maya\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eOrigin: Guatemala, Classic Period (c. 600–900 AD)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMaterial: Terracotta pottery\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDimensions: 7 5\/8 in. (19.3 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCondition: Minor surface wear, stable age cracks, encrustations from burial context\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eProvenance: Ex. Leonard Auction; acquired from a private institutional collection, Illinois, USA.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51286228566313,"sku":null,"price":300.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/s-l1600-2025-10-02T223230.824.png?v=1759458783"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-maya-pottery-figure-1","title":"Pre-Columbian Maya Pottery Figure","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAuthentic Pre-Columbian Maya pottery figure from the Classic Period (c. 600–900 AD), originating from Guatemala. This impressive hand-modeled terracotta sculpture stands 8 1\/4 inches (21 cm) tall and depicts a richly adorned individual, likely a noble or ceremonial participant, wearing elaborate jewelry, a detailed headdress, and a beaded necklace.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe figure’s forward-facing pose with hands resting on the chest reflects typical Maya iconography associated with high-status individuals, ancestor veneration, or deity impersonators. The circular opening on the back suggests it may have served a ritual function — possibly as an effigy vessel or whistle used during ceremonies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe piece exhibits excellent form with well-defined facial features, including prominent nose, almond-shaped eyes, and detailed earspools. Surface wear, mineral deposits, and encrustations are consistent with age and burial context.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA fine and authentic example of Maya ceramic artistry, ideal for collectors of Pre-Columbian art, museums, or those interested in Mesoamerican culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCulture: Maya\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eOrigin: Guatemala, Classic Period (c. 600–900 AD)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMaterial: Terracotta pottery\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDimensions: 8 1\/4 in. (21 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCondition: Minor surface wear and encrustations from burial context\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eProvenance: Ex. Leonard Auction; acquired from a private institutional collection, Illinois, USA.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51286235873577,"sku":null,"price":300.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/s-l1600-2025-10-02T223458.977.png?v=1759458927"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-huastec-female-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Huastec female stone figure","description":"\u003cp\u003eHuastec Stone Female Figure\u003cbr\u003ePre-Columbian, Huastec culture, Veracruz region, Mexico, ca. 900–1500 CE\u003cbr\u003eHeight: 14 ½ in. (36.8 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn elegant sandstone sculpture representing a seated female figure, carved in the distinctive style of the Huastec culture of the Gulf Coast. The figure displays a serene, composed facial expression with almond-shaped eyes, a prominent nose, and carefully rendered features, including large ear ornaments and a headband that signify status. Her hands rest gently upon her torso, and the rounded, voluminous form of her body reflects associations with fertility, nourishment, and the generative powers of nature — central themes in Huastec belief systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigures of this type were often placed within temples, ceremonial spaces, or domestic shrines, functioning as embodiments of fertility deities, revered ancestors, or guardians of agricultural abundance. The restrained modeling and monumental presence of this sculpture capture the Huastec emphasis on sacred embodiment and spiritual continuity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: \u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Ex Leonard Auction; deaccesioned from The Lake Forest College Art collection, Illinois, USA.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51286435365161,"sku":null,"price":835.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/Photoroom-20251001_174159_1.png?v=1759464227"},{"product_id":"colima-standing-female-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Colima Standing Pregnant Female Figure","description":"\u003cp\u003eColima Standing Pregnant Female Figure\u003cbr\u003ePre-Columbian, Western Mexico, Colima culture, ca. 300 BCE – 300 CE\u003cbr\u003eHeight: 7 in. (17.8 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn elegant and expressive ceramic figure from the shaft-tomb tradition of ancient West Mexico, depicting a pregnant woman standing with a gently rounded belly clearly indicating advanced pregnancy. She wears a knee-length wrap skirt tied diagonally across the waist and a prominent necklace, while her elongated face, high-bridged nose, and minimalist features reflect the stylized sculptural language of Colima artisans. A headband or headdress crowns her head, and her slightly forward-leaning posture imparts a sense of quiet dignity and maternal presence.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePregnant female figures such as this are among the most evocative works produced in West Mexico and were deeply symbolic within the funerary context. Placed in shaft-tombs as representations of fertility, continuity of life, and ancestral lineage, they embodied powerful metaphors of rebirth and the cyclical nature of existence. The sensitive modeling of the body, combined with the symbolic emphasis on fertility and femininity, underscores the piece’s ritual and spiritual significance. Presented on a custom metal stand.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Ex L. Fincher Collection, Florida; Ex Robert \u0026amp; Marianne Huber Fine Arts; Ex Robert Awe Collection, Texas.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51286446866729,"sku":null,"price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/Photoroom-20251002_192738_5.png?v=1759464680"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-veracruz-pottery-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Veracruz Pottery Figure","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"193\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"65\"\u003ePre-Columbian Veracruz Pottery Figure with Bitumen Highlights\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"65\" data-end=\"68\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"68\" data-end=\"126\"\u003eVeracruz culture, Gulf Coast of Mexico, ca. 600 – 900 CE\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"126\" data-end=\"129\"\u003eHeight: 4 3\/8 in (11.1 cm) – Custom metal display stand included\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"195\" data-end=\"711\"\u003eA finely sculpted pottery figure from the Classic Veracruz culture, depicting a standing male or possibly gender-neutral individual in a dynamic forward posture. The figure is modeled with exaggerated anatomical features — notably a prominent, elongated nose, wide eyes beneath heavy brows, and pierced ears for ornaments. Distinctive \u003cstrong data-start=\"530\" data-end=\"555\"\u003eblack bitumen pigment\u003c\/strong\u003e remains visible across the face, shoulder, and legs, reflecting ceremonial body painting or symbolic markings commonly associated with Veracruz ritual art.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"713\" data-end=\"1036\"\u003eThe figure wears a wrap-style skirt tied around the waist and a headband or turban-like headdress, emphasizing elite or ceremonial status. Its expressive face and alert stance suggest the representation of an ancestor, priest, or participant in ritual performance, central to Veracruz cosmology and funerary belief systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1038\" data-end=\"1238\"\u003eThe piece displays ancient losses to both forearms but retains excellent surface detail with mineral deposits and root marks from long burial. Mounted on a custom metal stand for elegant presentation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1240\" data-end=\"1334\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1240\" data-end=\"1255\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1255\" data-end=\"1258\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx Leigh Fincher, Florida collection, acquired on the U.S. art market in the mid-20th century.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51289707217193,"sku":null,"price":275.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2025-10-03T193607.736.png?v=1759534763"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-pair-of-veracruz-bearded-fire-god-effigy-heads","title":"Pre-Columbian Pair of Veracruz Bearded Fire God Effigy Heads","description":"\u003ch3 data-start=\"217\" data-end=\"273\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"221\" data-end=\"271\"\u003ePair of Veracruz Ceramic Fire God Effigy Heads\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"274\" data-end=\"384\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"274\" data-end=\"332\"\u003eClassic Veracruz, Gulf Coast of Mexico, ca. 600 – 900 CE\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"332\" data-end=\"335\"\u003eHeight: 3 1\/2 in. (8.9 cm) and 3 3\/4 in. (9.5 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"386\" data-end=\"881\"\u003eAn exceptionally rare \u003cstrong data-start=\"408\" data-end=\"490\"\u003epair of ceramic effigy vessels depicting Huehueteotl, the revered Old Fire God\u003c\/strong\u003e, each modeled as the expressive head of an aged deity characterized by deeply furrowed cheeks, arched brows, and a projecting beard-like chin symbolizing wisdom and time. Both figures wear broad, circular headbands adorned with ring motifs and large earflares — emblems of status and divine authority — and display the inward gaze and open mouth associated with the breath of sacred fire.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"1275\"\u003eThe open cavities at the back reveal their ritual function as \u003cstrong data-start=\"945\" data-end=\"991\"\u003evotive containers for offerings or incense\u003c\/strong\u003e, used in ceremonies centered on the eternal hearth and cosmic renewal. Within Classic Veracruz religious practice, Huehueteotl embodied both the domestic fire essential to daily life and the celestial flame renewing the cosmos — a powerful convergence of earthly and divine cycles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1277\" data-end=\"1750\"\u003eWhile single fire god effigies from this region are rare in themselves, \u003cstrong data-start=\"1349\" data-end=\"1388\"\u003ematched pairs are virtually unknown\u003c\/strong\u003e, suggesting these two were conceived as part of a larger ceremonial tableau, perhaps flanking an altar or central shrine during rites tied to solar and calendrical transitions. Their survival together offers a rare glimpse into the dualistic aspects of Mesoamerican theology — life and death, time and eternity — expressed through the language of sacred fire.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1752\" data-end=\"2136\"\u003eEffigies of Huehueteotl from the Gulf Coast rank among the most evocative expressions of Classic Veracruz religion, and examples of this quality and completeness are preserved in only a handful of institutional collections worldwide. \u003cstrong data-start=\"1986\" data-end=\"2136\"\u003eThe present pair is an extraordinary survivor of ancient ritual practice — a museum-worthy ensemble of exceptional rarity and spiritual resonance.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Ex. Private, KY. collection, Ex Arte Primitivo, NY, Ex. Private New England collection, acquired from Edward H. Merrin Gallery, with copy of insurance certificate from Merrin Gallery, dated February 23, 1989.  Exhibited Epcot Center Museum, 1983 to 1986. From the collection of Andy and Neil Sackheim Dania, FL., inherited from the estate of Paula S. \u0026amp; Sherman Sackheim, Larchmont, N.Y., acquired from Merrin Gallery, 12\/15\/1971, Appraised by Merrin Gallery in 1989.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51302075892009,"sku":null,"price":4000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/Photoroom-20251006-134305_1.png?v=1760216159"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-costa-rican-stone-trophy-heads","title":"Pre-Columbian Costa Rican stone trophy heads","description":"\u003ch3 data-end=\"219\" data-start=\"183\"\u003ePair of Stone Trophy Heads\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"333\" data-start=\"220\"\u003e\u003cem data-end=\"284\" data-start=\"220\"\u003ePre-Columbian Costa Rica, Central Highlands, ca. 800 – 1200 CE\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"287\" data-start=\"284\"\u003eHeight: 3 1\/4 in. (8.2 cm) and 4 in. (10.2 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"808\" data-start=\"335\"\u003eA pair of hand-carved stone trophy heads, each sculpted with bold, abstracted features and deeply incised eyes and mouths, capturing the powerful aesthetic of Pre-Columbian Costa Rican stone sculpture. Both heads exhibit the characteristically angular profile, strong jawline, and stylized facial planes associated with trophy head cult imagery — a potent symbol of warfare, sacrifice, and ancestral power in ancient Isthmo-Colombian societies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1248\" data-start=\"810\"\u003eCarved from dense volcanic stone and smoothed by centuries of handling and ritual use, these compact effigies were likely employed as portable ritual emblems, possibly mounted on wooden poles or displayed in elite shrines. Trophy heads played a central role in the ideological landscape of ancient Costa Rica, serving as tangible representations of martial victory, lineage legitimacy, and the transition between life and death.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1601\" data-start=\"1250\"\u003eWhile single examples are occasionally encountered, matched pairs of this size and preservation are exceedingly uncommon. Their survival together provides a rare glimpse into the ceremonial context of Costa Rica’s stone-carving tradition, and their restrained geometry and powerful presence speak to the region’s distinctive sculptural language.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1864\" data-start=\"1603\"\u003eObjects of this quality are represented in only a few major institutional collections, including the Museo del Oro Precolombino (San José) and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, underscoring the exceptional rarity and cultural significance of the present pair.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"756\" data-start=\"381\"\u003eEx. MiddleManBrokers Inc., Sunrise, Florida, Ex. Private Florida estate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1061\" data-start=\"758\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1061\" data-start=\"758\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"844\" data-start=\"553\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51302205063465,"sku":null,"price":425.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/Photoroom-20251006_143106_1.png?v=1759776037"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-nazca-pottery-bowl","title":"Pre-Columbian Nazca pottery bowl","description":"\u003cdiv\u003eNazca Polychrome Bowl Depicting a Mythical Being\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePre-Columbian, South Coast of Peru, Nazca Culture, ca. 400–650 CE\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDimensions: 5 ¾ in. diameter x 4 ⅜ in. height\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eA striking hand-painted polychrome bowl from the Nazca culture of southern Peru, vibrantly decorated in tones of red, cream, orange, and brown. The wide, flaring form is encircled by a dynamic depiction of a mythical composite creature, combining traits of animals such as the serpent and feline—beings often associated with fertility, water, and the supernatural forces that animated the Nazca world. Stylized scrolls and geometric registers enhance the composition, evoking movement and ritual vitality.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThis vessel exemplifies the Nazca mastery of painted ceramics during the middle to late phases of the culture, showcasing their distinctive aesthetic balance between abstraction and sacred symbolism. Minor surface wear, mineral deposits, and small rim losses attest to its great age and authenticity.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eFrom the collection of Dwayne Hafner, World War II veteran (top-turret gunner, North Africa and Sicily campaigns). After returning to the United States, Mr. Hafner settled in California, where his lifelong passion for archaeology led him to become a founder and president of the Pacific Coast Archaeological Society in the early 1960s. This piece was presented to him by local people during one of his many field trips in the 1960s.\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51336088813865,"sku":null,"price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2025-10-11T095940.804.png?v=1760191226"},{"product_id":"extremely-rare-egyptian-faience-overseer-ushabti-of-lady-isetemkhebit","title":"Extremely Rare Egyptian Faience Overseer Ushabti of Lady Isetemkhebit","description":"\u003ch3 data-start=\"153\" data-end=\"232\"\u003eExtremely Rare Egyptian Faience Overseer Ushabti of Lady Isetemkhebit\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"233\" data-end=\"352\"\u003eThird Intermediate Period, 21st Dynasty, ca. 1070–945 BCE\u003cbr data-start=\"294\" data-end=\"297\"\u003eFrom the Famous Second Cache (DB320), Deir el-Bahri\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"354\" data-end=\"710\"\u003eAn \u003cem data-start=\"357\" data-end=\"379\"\u003eextraordinarily rare\u003c\/em\u003e overseer ushabti belonging to Lady Isetemkhebit, a high-ranking noblewoman of the 21st Dynasty, discovered in the legendary Royal Cache (DB320) at \u003cem data-start=\"535\" data-end=\"550\"\u003eDeir el-Bahri\u003c\/em\u003e — the same tomb complex where the mummies of some of Egypt’s greatest pharaohs were reburied, including Ahmose I, Amenhotep I, Thutmose III, and Ramesses II.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"712\" data-end=\"1147\"\u003eOnly one other known overseer ushabti of Isetemkhebit has been documented (see \u003ca data-start=\"795\" data-end=\"1046\" class=\"decorated-link\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shabticollections.com\/database\/third-intermediate-period\/sc-143\/?fbclid=IwdGRjcANS5lljbGNrA1LmU2V4dG4DYWVtAjExAAEeV_yV-IA7c7fta2iODPJXTrZLf2S_bA2_C2StdbN0tdNONSlLvsCFleK_jtw_aem_NiOJgT4jiF83-mPS_MJn9w\"\u003eShabti Collections Database, SC-143\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ms-0.5 inline-block align-middle leading-none\"\u003e\u003csvg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" data-rtl-flip=\"\" class=\"block h-[0.75em] w-[0.75em] stroke-current stroke-[0.75]\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M14.3349 13.3301V6.60645L5.47065 15.4707C5.21095 15.7304 4.78895 15.7304 4.52925 15.4707C4.26955 15.211 4.26955 14.789 4.52925 14.5293L13.3935 5.66504H6.66011C6.29284 5.66504 5.99507 5.36727 5.99507 5C5.99507 4.63273 6.29284 4.33496 6.66011 4.33496H14.9999L15.1337 4.34863C15.4369 4.41057 15.665 4.67857 15.665 5V13.3301C15.6649 13.6973 15.3672 13.9951 14.9999 13.9951C14.6327 13.9951 14.335 13.6973 14.3349 13.3301Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e), making this example an exceptionally important rediscovery for the study of Egyptian funerary art.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1149\" data-end=\"1529\"\u003eFashioned in vivid turquoise-blue faience with black painted details, the figure represents an overseer — recognizable by his commanding stance, the whip held across his chest, and the tripartite wig symbolizing rank and authority. The crisp modeling and rich glaze remain remarkably preserved, offering a vivid glimpse into the aesthetic and spiritual ideals of the period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1531\" data-end=\"1788\"\u003eThe piece rests on an old painted base and retains its original mid-20th-century collection tags marked “66.52” and “980,” likely referencing early gallery or auction inventory records, providing valuable continuity of provenance and curatorial context.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4 data-start=\"1790\" data-end=\"1809\"\u003eProvenance\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1810\" data-end=\"2170\"\u003eAcquired in New York City between the 1960s and 1980s by Matthew McDonald Jr., a private collector who lived there for approximately 25 years and maintained close ties with a local gallery owner during that period. Thence by family descent to his nephew, Marc Fertig, from whose estate in Cape Coral, Florida, it was subsequently dispersed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2172\" data-end=\"2421\"\u003eThis ushabti of Lady Isetemkhebit is among the \u003cem data-start=\"2219\" data-end=\"2243\"\u003erarest known overseers\u003c\/em\u003e from the Third Intermediate Period — a museum-grade piece intimately connected to one of ancient Egypt’s most famous archaeological finds, the Deir el-Bahri Royal Cache (DB320).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51337105998121,"sku":null,"price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2025-10-11T130124.717.png?v=1760202314"},{"product_id":"ancient-ushabti-of-wsir-nsy-n-imn-the-osiris-nesyenamun","title":"Ancient Ushabti of Wsir Nsy-n-Imn (The Osiris Nesyenamun)","description":"\u003ch3 data-start=\"116\" data-end=\"183\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"120\" data-end=\"181\"\u003eFaience Ushabti of Wsir Nsy-n-Imn (The Osiris Nesyenamun)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"184\" data-end=\"245\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"184\" data-end=\"245\"\u003eThird Intermediate Period, 21st Dynasty, ca. 1070–945 BCE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"247\" data-end=\"777\"\u003eA compact mummiform ushabti attributed to \u003cstrong data-start=\"289\" data-end=\"307\"\u003eWsir Nsy-n-Imn\u003c\/strong\u003e (“The Osiris Nesyenamun”), cast in turquoise-blue glazed faience, with the arms crossed over the chest and faint traces of black-painted facial and inscriptional detail. Though some surface wear and burial encrustation are apparent, the vertical hieratic inscription naming the owner is still legible. The figure is mounted on an older painted base, bearing historical labels such as “65-99” and “66-59 C.E.O. 1000-46,” which reflect previous institutional cataloguing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"779\" data-end=\"1338\"\u003eA closely comparable example is the \u003cstrong data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"838\"\u003eShabti of Amen-mose\u003c\/strong\u003e in the Liverpool collection, which shares a nearly identical mummiform pose, a plain tripartite wig, crossed arms holding hoes, and a vertical column of hieratic inscription naming \u003cem data-start=\"1020\" data-end=\"1031\"\u003eAmen-mose\u003c\/em\u003e as “The Osiris, the Beloved God’s Father of Amun-Re, justified.” \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk\/artifact\/shabti-of-amen-mose-0?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk\/artifact\/shabti-of-amen-mose-0?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003eLiverpool Museums\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"-me-1 flex h-full items-center rounded-full px-1 text-[#8F8F8F]\"\u003e+1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e That specimen illustrates the typical stylistic and epigraphic conventions for private individual ushabtis of this period, and provides a valuable parallel for condition, glaze, and inscriptional layout.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1340\" data-end=\"1759\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1340\" data-end=\"1367\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1370\"\u003eAcquired in New York City between the 1960s and 1980s by Matthew McDonald Jr., who resided there for ~25 years and was associated with a local gallery. It remained in his collection for decades and then passed by family descent to his nephew, Marc Fertig, in Cape Coral, Florida, before being dispersed. The retention of period collection tags reinforces its documented collecting history.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51337421586729,"sku":null,"price":1200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2025-10-11T144527.441.png?v=1760208459"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-chimu-wooden-staff-with-anthropomorphic-finial","title":"Pre-Columbian Chimú Wooden Staff with Anthropomorphic Finial","description":"\u003ch3 data-end=\"338\" data-start=\"284\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"338\" data-start=\"288\"\u003eChimú Wooden Staff with Anthropomorphic Finial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"427\" data-start=\"339\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"392\" data-start=\"339\"\u003ePre-Columbian, North Coast Peru, ca. 1100–1450 CE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"395\" data-start=\"392\"\u003eWood, 59 in (150 cm) in length\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"883\" data-start=\"429\"\u003eFinely carved from a single piece of dense hardwood, this ceremonial staff terminates in a sculptural anthropomorphic figure rendered in classic Chimú style. The figure sits atop the shaft with flexed legs and squared limbs, displaying the characteristic frontal pose, angular facial planes, and prominent nose typical of late-Intermediate Period coastal iconography. A cylindrical headdress crowns the head, perhaps signifying rank or a ritual office.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1235\" data-start=\"885\"\u003eThe surface shows a rich patina from age and handling, with traces of ancient wear consistent with prolonged ritual use. Such staffs were likely emblems of authority or processional standards associated with elite or priestly figures within Chimú society, whose capital at Chan Chan was one of the most sophisticated urban centers of pre-Inca Peru.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1410\" data-start=\"1237\"\u003eComparable examples are preserved in the Museo Larco (Lima) and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, each illustrating the Chimú mastery of figural carving in perishable media.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1410\" data-start=\"1237\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProvenance: \u003c\/strong\u003eEx Blue Box auction, VA., Ex. Private, Dallas, Texas collection, Ex. H. Rose, NY.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51341114048809,"sku":null,"price":1400.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2025-10-12T155249.688.png?v=1760298797"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-chancay-wood-staff-rattle-with-anthropomorphic-faces","title":"Pre-Columbian Chancay Wood Staff Rattle with Anthropomorphic Faces","description":"\u003cp data-end=\"116\" data-start=\"0\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"90\" data-start=\"0\"\u003ePre-Columbian Chancay Wood Staff Rattle with Anthropomorphic Faces, Peru, 1000–1450 AD\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"93\" data-start=\"90\"\u003eHeight: 54 in. (137 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"810\" data-start=\"118\"\u003eOf elegant vertical form, this rare ceremonial staff rattle is finely carved from a single length of aged hardwood, the upper section surmounted by a domed finial and encircled by a vertical arrangement of four anthropomorphic faces in shallow relief, each face delineated by rectangular apertures for the eyes and mouth, pierced through the shaft to allow for resonance when used as a rattle. Beneath the faces, a band of incised geometric motifs—composed of diamonds and stylized textile-inspired patterns—encircles the staff, emphasizing its ritual significance. The surface displays a deep, timeworn patina with rich umber and sienna tones, evidence of centuries of handling and exposure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1187\" data-start=\"812\"\u003eCharacteristic of the Chancay culture of the Central Coast of Peru, this object would likely have served both ceremonial and musical functions, its rattle-like qualities suggesting use in ritual procession or shamanic practice. The repetition of stylized human visages may represent ancestral or spiritual presences, underscoring the staff’s role as a conduit between worlds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1261\" data-start=\"1189\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProvenance: \u003c\/strong\u003eEx Blue Box auction, VA., Ex. Private, Dallas, Texas collection. Ex. H. Rose, NY.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1458\" data-start=\"1315\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1330\" data-start=\"1315\"\u003eLiterature:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"1333\" data-start=\"1330\"\u003eCompare to similar carved wooden effigies in \u003cem data-end=\"1420\" data-start=\"1378\"\u003eChancay: Cultura y Arte del Perú Antiguo\u003c\/em\u003e, Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Lima.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1655\" data-start=\"1460\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1474\" data-start=\"1460\"\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"1477\" data-start=\"1474\"\u003eExcellent condition for age. Minor losses, surface wear, and stable age cracks consistent with material and use. Encrustations and patina indicative of prolonged ritual handling.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51341150322985,"sku":null,"price":1200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2025-10-12T160058.391.png?v=1760299309"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-chinese-neolithic-pottery-painted-vessel","title":"Ancient Chinese Neolithic pottery painted vessel","description":"\u003ch3 data-start=\"177\" data-end=\"211\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"181\" data-end=\"209\"\u003ePainted Pottery Jar (Hu)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"212\" data-end=\"464\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"212\" data-end=\"277\"\u003eChinese Neolithic period, Majiayao culture, ca. 2500–2000 BCE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"277\" data-end=\"280\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"280\" data-end=\"319\"\u003eEarthenware with painted decoration\u003c\/strong\u003e, height 5 in (12.7 cm)\u003cbr data-start=\"342\" data-end=\"345\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"345\" data-end=\"360\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ex Roland Auctions, New York; from the Estate of Ronald Blatt (owner of Blatt Billiards, New York City)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"466\" data-end=\"844\"\u003eA finely hand-coiled \u003cstrong data-start=\"487\" data-end=\"527\"\u003eglobular jar with twin strap handles\u003c\/strong\u003e, the flaring neck and rounded shoulder painted in \u003cstrong data-start=\"578\" data-end=\"624\"\u003eiron-oxide black and red geometric designs\u003c\/strong\u003e against a buff ground. The dynamic spiral and cross-hatched motifs—typical of the \u003cstrong data-start=\"707\" data-end=\"736\"\u003eMajiayao cultural horizon\u003c\/strong\u003e of Gansu and Qinghai provinces—reflect the sophisticated abstract aesthetic of early Chinese ceramic art.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"846\" data-end=\"1131\"\u003eSuch vessels were produced during the late Neolithic for \u003cstrong data-start=\"903\" data-end=\"930\"\u003eritual and funerary use\u003c\/strong\u003e, representing some of the earliest painted pottery traditions in East Asia. The lively patterns, likely symbolic of water and life cycles, anticipate the refined ceramic artistry of later dynasties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1133\" data-end=\"1256\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1133\" data-end=\"1147\"\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Minor rim chips and surface wear consistent with age; pigments well preserved with strong visual contrast.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51346579980585,"sku":null,"price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/PhotoOct132025_11532PM_8.jpg?v=1760379333"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-chancay-painted-pottery-vessel","title":"Pre-Columbian Chancay painted pottery vessel","description":"\u003ch3 data-start=\"170\" data-end=\"212\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"174\" data-end=\"210\"\u003eChancay Polychrome Effigy Vessel\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"213\" data-end=\"495\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"213\" data-end=\"288\"\u003ePre-Columbian, Central Coast of Peru, Chancay culture, ca. 1000–1450 CE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"288\" data-end=\"291\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"291\" data-end=\"313\"\u003ePainted terracotta\u003c\/strong\u003e, height 13 ½ in (34.3 cm)\u003cbr data-start=\"339\" data-end=\"342\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"342\" data-end=\"357\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"213\" data-end=\"495\"\u003ePurportedly purchased at Sotheby’s, New York, 1985; Ex Roland Auctions, NY; from the Estate of Ronald Blatt (owner of Blatt Billiards, New York City)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"861\"\u003eStriking and expressive \u003cstrong data-start=\"521\" data-end=\"538\"\u003eeffigy vessel\u003c\/strong\u003e depicting a standing male figure with hands clasped at the chest, painted in cream, red, and black pigments. The cylindrical head is adorned with bold geometric facial markings and a high, flat headdress, while the rounded body is decorated with linear and curvilinear motifs suggestive of garments or ritual body paint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"863\" data-end=\"1321\"\u003eVessels of this type embody the Chancay aesthetic of stylized abstraction, balancing solemnity and humanity. They likely served \u003cstrong data-start=\"991\" data-end=\"1027\"\u003efunerary or ceremonial functions\u003c\/strong\u003e, placed as guardians within elite tombs or used to contain offerings. The painted motifs and facial patterning are characteristic of the \u003cstrong data-start=\"1165\" data-end=\"1193\"\u003eLate Intermediate Period\u003c\/strong\u003e on the Peruvian coast, when Chancay workshops produced some of the most distinctive anthropomorphic ceramics in ancient Peru.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1323\" data-end=\"1456\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1323\" data-end=\"1337\"\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Minor surface wear and pigment loss consistent with age; otherwise well preserved and retaining fine painted detail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51346594496809,"sku":null,"price":1200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/Photoroom_000_20251013_133209.jpg?v=1760379472"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-costa-rican-nicoya-polychrome-tripod-urn","title":"Pre-Columbian Costa Rican Nicoya Polychrome tripod urn","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"229\" data-end=\"483\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"261\" data-end=\"311\"\u003ePolychrome Tripod Urn with Modeled Animal Head\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"311\" data-end=\"314\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"314\" data-end=\"344\"\u003eNicoya Culture, Costa Rica\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"344\" data-end=\"347\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"347\" data-end=\"368\"\u003eCirca 800–1200 CE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"368\" data-end=\"371\"\u003ePainted ceramic\u003cbr data-start=\"386\" data-end=\"389\"\u003eHeight: 8 1\/2\" in height.\u003cbr data-start=\"412\" data-end=\"415\"\u003eProvenance: \u003cspan\u003eEx Roland Auctions, New York; from the estate of Ronald Blatt (owner of Blatt Billiards, NYC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"485\" data-end=\"1045\"\u003eA striking example of Nicoya ceramic artistry, this tripod urn features a rotund body raised on three short, flared legs, each decorated with painted motifs and punctuated with suspension holes. The vessel is surmounted by a wide flaring rim encircled with a geometric register in deep red, black, and cream pigments typical of the Nicoya palette. One side of the vessel bears a modeled animal head—likely representing a monkey or feline—characterized by rounded eyes, a wide mouth, pierced nostrils, and incised detailing to suggest fur or facial patterning.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1047\" data-end=\"1432\"\u003eProminent twin curvilinear serpent-like forms flank the head, raised in low relief and outlined in red, evoking mythological or protective iconography. The body is further divided into decorative vertical panels, possibly referencing ritualistic divisions or symbolic cosmological structure, while the reverse displays a stylized, radiating motif reminiscent of solar or plant forms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1434\" data-end=\"1790\"\u003eThis vessel exemplifies the cross-cultural aesthetics of the Greater Nicoya region, reflecting both Mesoamerican influence and indigenous innovation. The carefully balanced form, vivid polychrome design, and expressive modeled elements indicate its use in ceremonial or funerary contexts, where such urns often served to hold offerings or cremated remains.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1792\" data-end=\"1946\"\u003eWell-preserved with minor surface wear, mineral deposits, and some fading to painted areas consistent with age and burial. Some light paint touch up around the rim, face, and body. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1948\" data-end=\"2220\"\u003eComparable examples can be found in the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica and are illustrated in regional ceramic typologies such as \u003cem data-start=\"2076\" data-end=\"2135\"\u003eThe Art of Precolumbian Gold: The Jan Mitchell Collection\u003c\/em\u003e and \u003cem data-start=\"2140\" data-end=\"2203\"\u003eArt of Ancient Costa Rica: A Legacy of the Indigenous Peoples\u003c\/em\u003e (Labbé \u0026amp; Stone).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1948\" data-end=\"2220\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51375604334889,"sku":null,"price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/PhotoOct132025_11532PM_23_38247892-0d2c-4fe1-b247-bdb7557a752a.jpg?v=1760811086"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-maya-pottery-ear-ornaments","title":"Pre-Columbian Maya pottery ear ornaments","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"113\" data-end=\"736\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"113\" data-end=\"186\"\u003eMAYA POTTERY EAR ORNAMENTS, GUATEMALA, CLASSIC PERIOD, CA. 250–900 AD\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"186\" data-end=\"189\"\u003eA fine matched pair of hand-modeled and pierced pottery ear ornaments, each uniquely shaped—one with a circular gear-like form with perforated dot decoration, the other with a radiating star-shaped form with a central raised boss; both with flared cylindrical shafts and traces of orange and black pigment remaining. Likely used ceremonially or as elite personal adornment, these ornaments exhibit excellent preservation and finely detailed workmanship characteristic of Classic Period Maya ceramic artistry.\u003cbr data-start=\"697\" data-end=\"700\"\u003eHeight of larger: 1.75 in (4.4 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"738\" data-end=\"828\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"738\" data-end=\"753\"\u003eProvenance: \u003c\/strong\u003eEx. Private Austin, Texas collection, acquired through family descent; originally collected in the 1960s.\u003cstrong data-start=\"738\" data-end=\"753\"\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"510\" data-end=\"712\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51375678652713,"sku":null,"price":125.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/PhotoOct182025_23329PM_1.jpg?v=1760812823"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-chinesco-type-c-pottery-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Chinesco Type C  pottery figure","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"252\" data-end=\"357\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"252\" data-end=\"322\"\u003ePRE-COLUMBIAN CHINESCO SEATED FIGURE, TYPE C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"322\" data-end=\"325\"\u003eNayarit, ca. 300 B.C.–A.D. 300\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"359\" data-end=\"1190\"\u003eSuperbly modeled hollow pottery figure seated cross-legged, grasping a pestle and shallow mortar held before the chest in an act of ritual preparation. The expressive face displays broad features with a prominent nose, large circular ear ornaments, and painted headband; traces of original red, cream, and black slip remain throughout, forming decorative bands and a broad vertical stripe down the back. The figure’s posture and painted ornamentation are characteristic of the Chinesco Type C style from the Ixtlán del Río region, closely comparable to examples published in \u003cem data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"996\"\u003eAncient West Mexico: Art and Archaeology of the Unknown Past\u003c\/em\u003e by Richard F. Townsend (The Art Institute of Chicago, 1998). Figures of this type are thought to represent ritual specialists engaged in the preparation of ceremonial or medicinal substances.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"359\" data-end=\"1190\"\u003eThe pestle has been reattached with a visible break line; otherwise intact and in excellent overall condition, with fine preservation of surface and pigments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1192\" data-end=\"1216\"\u003eHeight 11 in (27.9 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1218\" data-end=\"1371\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1218\" data-end=\"1233\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1233\" data-end=\"1236\"\u003eEx T. Birbiglia Collection, Los Angeles\u003cbr data-start=\"1275\" data-end=\"1278\"\u003eEx Private California Collection, acquired from an estate in Hollywood, California, in 1969\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51409076683049,"sku":null,"price":7000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2025-10-23T084752.631.png?v=1761223691"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-teotihuacan-green-stone-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Teotihuacan green stone figure","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"149\" data-end=\"219\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"149\" data-end=\"182\"\u003eTEOTIHUACAN GREENSTONE FIGURE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"182\" data-end=\"185\"\u003eCentral Mexico, ca. A.D. 250–450\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"221\" data-end=\"827\"\u003eA finely carved standing figure of mottled greenstone, depicting a stylized male with squared body and broad shoulders, hands resting along the sides, and a serene, mask-like face with narrow slitted eyes and defined lips beneath a deeply incised headband bearing a central wave motif. The carving is executed in the formal, geometric tradition associated with Teotihuacan stone sculpture, emphasizing symmetry and calm expression. Ample manganese \u0026amp; earthen deposits consistent with long time burial. The reverse shows remnants of a red cloth-like material and adhesive residue, suggesting the figure was once mounted to a backing or frame for display. The back also has scratches otherwise intact.  A nice figure! Mounted on a metal black stand.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"829\" data-end=\"854\"\u003eHeight: 4½ in (11.4 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"856\" data-end=\"913\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"856\" data-end=\"871\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"871\" data-end=\"874\"\u003eEx. B. Hegland Collection, MINNESOTA, Ex Private Minnesota collection, imported in the United States in the 40's. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51411433586985,"sku":null,"price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/PhotoOct232025_61150PM.jpg?v=1761264969"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-veracruz-smiling-standing-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Veracruz “Smiling” Standing Figure","description":"\u003ch3 data-start=\"303\" data-end=\"347\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"307\" data-end=\"345\"\u003eVeracruz “Smiling” Standing Figure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"348\" data-end=\"413\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"348\" data-end=\"386\"\u003eClassic Veracruz, ca. 600–900 A.D.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"386\" data-end=\"389\"\u003eHeight: 14 in. (35.5 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"415\" data-end=\"824\"\u003eBeautifully hand-modeled in buff terracotta, this dynamic standing figure embodies the vitality and expressiveness characteristic of the Classic Veracruz sculptural tradition. With both arms raised and an exuberant open-mouthed smile, the figure captures a moment of ritual performance or joyous invocation, evoking the spirit of the famous “Sonrientes” (Smiling Figures) for which the region is celebrated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"826\" data-end=\"1380\"\u003eThe sculptor paid particular attention to balance and movement: the forward-tilted head, outstretched arms, and slightly bent knees create a lively sense of animation rarely achieved in Pre-Columbian art. The figure wears an elaborately incised wrap-around skirt adorned with geometric motifs, perhaps referencing textile patterns or ritual regalia, and a tall, rectangular headdress with carefully modeled braids descending to either side of the face. A beaded necklace and large ear ornaments further emphasize the subject’s elite or ceremonial role.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1382\" data-end=\"1729\"\u003eHollow-molded with vent holes at the back, the piece exemplifies the technical sophistication of Veracruz artisans, who often created large figures for temple offerings, household shrines, or funerary contexts. The open mouth and expressive visage may symbolize communication with the spiritual realm, a hallmark of Classic Veracruz iconography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1731\" data-end=\"1926\"\u003eMinor ancient loss to the right braid, otherwise intact and in excellent preservation for its size, with fine surface deposits and traces of original polishing visible under the neck and skirt. The piece does not stand on its own, it would need a custom stand made for it. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1928\" data-end=\"2041\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1928\" data-end=\"1943\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1943\" data-end=\"1946\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eEx. Abell Auction, Los Angeles, California\u003cbr\u003eEx. Private Estate, Beverly Hills, California.\u003cbr\u003eAcquired during the 1950s and remaining in the collection \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003efor over seventy years, by descent within the family.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51446836789545,"sku":null,"price":2000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/Photoroom-20251029_174141_1.png?v=1761841708"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-veracruz-potter-head-fragment","title":"Pre-Columbian Veracruz pottery head fragment","description":"\u003ch3 data-start=\"159\" data-end=\"202\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"163\" data-end=\"200\"\u003eVeracruz Ceremonial Head Fragment\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"203\" data-end=\"302\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"203\" data-end=\"241\"\u003eClassic Veracruz, ca. 600–900 A.D.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"241\" data-end=\"244\"\u003eHeight: 7 ¾ in. (19.6 cm) – custom museum mount included\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"304\" data-end=\"850\"\u003eA finely modeled terracotta head fragment representing an elite or ceremonial figure, distinguished by its commanding headdress and dignified features. The broad, flaring headdress—embellished with raised circular bosses and vertical elements—suggests a ceremonial diadem or ritual headdress once elaborately painted or adorned with perishable ornaments. The face exhibits the serene yet powerful expression typical of Classic Veracruz sculpture: almond-shaped eyes, parted lips with modeled teeth, and prominent earspools indicating high rank.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"1374\"\u003eThe sculptor achieved remarkable naturalism in the facial modeling, with soft contours around the cheeks and lips that contrast with the geometric precision of the headdress. Such heads were often part of large hollow figures or composite effigies used in ritual or funerary contexts across Veracruz sites such as Remojadas and El Zapotal. The open mouth, slightly upturned gaze, and ritual adornments may symbolize communication with deities or participation in sacred ceremonies celebrating fertility, music, or dance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1376\" data-end=\"1574\"\u003eSurface deposits and light earthen encrustations attest to long burial, with minor losses to the lower neck area consistent with excavation. Custom black mount included for display.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1576\" data-end=\"1689\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1576\" data-end=\"1591\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1591\" data-end=\"1594\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eEx. Abell Auction, Los Angeles, California\u003cbr\u003eEx. Private Estate, Beverly Hills, California.\u003cbr\u003eAcquired during the 1950s and remaining in the collection \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003efor over seventy years, by descent within the family.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51446877028649,"sku":null,"price":900.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/Photoroom-20251029_181411_5.png?v=1761841765"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-chinesco-seated-warrior-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Chinesco Seated Warrior Figure","description":"\u003ch3 data-end=\"276\" data-start=\"236\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"274\" data-start=\"240\"\u003eChinesco Seated Warrior Figure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"352\" data-start=\"277\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"324\" data-start=\"277\"\u003eNayarit, West Mexico, ca. 300 B.C.–A.D. 400\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"327\" data-start=\"324\"\u003eHeight: 4 in. (10.1 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"823\" data-start=\"354\"\u003eA finely hand-modeled terracotta figure representing a warrior or ritual participant in an animated, forward-leaning pose, typical of the Chinesco tradition of Nayarit. The figure’s dynamic posture, bent knees, and outstretched limbs convey motion and vitality—hallmarks of Western Mexico’s sculptural realism. The face, with its narrow eyes, strong nose, and expressive mouth, is accentuated by traces of red pigment still visible on the cheeks, headdress, and arms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1325\" data-start=\"825\"\u003eThe subject wears an elaborate tiered headdress and broad ear ornaments, signifying rank and possibly martial or ceremonial identity. The slightly curved body and raised arm suggest he once held an object—perhaps a shield or weapon—reinforcing his role as a warrior guardian. Chinesco artisans favored smooth, rounded forms, giving their figures an almost sculptural softness that stands in contrast to the geometric abstraction of neighboring traditions such as the Ameca or Ixtlán del Río styles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1631\" data-start=\"1327\"\u003eMinor loss to the right edge of the headdress, otherwise intact and well-preserved with fine surface deposits and remaining painted details. A compact but exceptionally expressive example of early Nayarit artistry, displaying the region’s distinctive blend of humor, humanity, and ceremonial symbolism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1746\" data-start=\"1633\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1648\" data-start=\"1633\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"1651\" data-start=\"1648\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eEx. Abell Auction, Los Angeles, California\u003cbr\u003eEx. Private Estate, Beverly Hills, California.\u003cbr\u003eAcquired during the 1950s and remaining in the collection \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003efor over seventy years, by descent within the family.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1973\" data-start=\"1748\"\u003eComparable examples: \u003cem data-end=\"1909\" data-start=\"1769\"\u003eSee Townsend, Richard F., “Ancient West Mexico: Art and Archaeology of the Unknown Past,” The Art Institute of Chicago, 1998, pp. 118–123;\u003c\/em\u003e \u003cem data-end=\"1973\" data-start=\"1910\"\u003eSotheby’s, New York, Pre-Columbian Art, May 15, 2019, lot 62.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51446898032937,"sku":null,"price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/Photoroom-20251029_181409_1.png?v=1761842141"},{"product_id":"large-pre-columbian-veracruz-pottery-head","title":"Large Pre-Columbian Veracruz pottery head","description":"\u003ch3 data-end=\"251\" data-start=\"211\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"249\" data-start=\"215\"\u003eLarge Veracruz Ceremonial Head\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"350\" data-start=\"252\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"290\" data-start=\"252\"\u003eClassic Veracruz, ca. 600–900 A.D.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"293\" data-start=\"290\"\u003eHeight: 10 in. (25.4 cm) – mount included\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"893\" data-start=\"352\"\u003eAn impressive and finely modeled terracotta head of monumental scale, representing an elite or ritual participant from the Classic Veracruz culture. The face is naturalistically rendered with almond-shaped eyes, a straight prominent nose, and slightly parted lips revealing modeled teeth—an expressive hallmark of the Veracruz sculptural tradition. The open mouth, with carefully delineated upper and lower teeth, conveys a sense of chant or invocation, suggesting ritual speech or breath animation associated with spiritual communication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1431\" data-start=\"895\"\u003eThe elaborate headdress dominates the composition: a complex, high-crested structure bound by twisted cords and topped with a central knot motif. The deeply carved bands and raised volutes reflect the sophisticated aesthetic and symbolic vocabulary of the Veracruz ceremonial style, likely referencing woven fabrics, serpent imagery, or divine regalia. Such heads once formed part of large hollow figures placed in temples, tombs, or ceremonial platforms across the Gulf Coast region, including sites such as Remojadas and El Zapotal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1869\" data-start=\"1433\"\u003eExpertly fired and well preserved, this example retains crisp surface definition with minor earthen deposits enhancing its ancient patina. The rear is vented with an open firing aperture, typical of large Veracruz terracottas. Minor surface wear and restoration to small areas are consistent with age and ritual use; overall, the head remains in excellent condition for its size and type. Mounted on a modern stand for display.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1984\" data-start=\"1871\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eEx. Abell Auction, Los Angeles, California\u003cbr\u003eEx. Private Estate, Beverly Hills, California.\u003cbr\u003eAcquired during the 1950s and remaining in the collection \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003efor over seventy years, by descent within the family.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51447037526313,"sku":null,"price":900.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/PhotoOct302025_125635PM_1.jpg?v=1761844412"},{"product_id":"pair-of-pre-columbian-veracruz-pottery-head-fragments","title":"Pair of Pre-Columbian Veracruz Pottery Head Fragments","description":"\u003ch3 data-start=\"493\" data-end=\"576\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"574\"\u003ePAIR OF VERACRUZ POTTERY HEAD FRAGMENTS, POSSIBLY REPRESENTING XIPE TOTEC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"577\" data-end=\"731\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"577\" data-end=\"638\"\u003eCentral Veracruz, Late Classic Period, circa A.D. 600–900\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"638\" data-end=\"641\"\u003eEach approximately 5 in x 5 1\/8\"\u003cbr data-start=\"678\" data-end=\"681\"\u003eMounted together on a custom double display base\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"733\" data-end=\"1087\"\u003eA compelling pair of terracotta heads modeled with the bold, expressive realism characteristic of Classic Veracruz sculpture. Each shows a broad headdress, large ear ornaments, and deeply modeled facial features with hollowed eye sockets, as though the eyes themselves have fallen away — a dramatic rendering that evokes both mortality and renewal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1089\" data-end=\"1545\"\u003eThis haunting motif likely represents the flayed or transformed visage of Xipe Totec, the \u003cem data-start=\"1183\" data-end=\"1196\"\u003eFlayed Lord\u003c\/em\u003e, deity of regeneration and agricultural renewal. In this context, the empty eye sockets may symbolize the removal of the outer “skin” or mask of the old self, revealing the divine rebirth beneath. The open mouths and paired presentation further reinforce themes of transformation, duality, and sacred suffering central to Veracruz ritual art.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1547\" data-end=\"1827\"\u003eComparable examples appear among Veracruz temple façade figures and Remojadas effigies associated with fertility and rebirth rites. The present pair’s mirroring forms suggest a ritual or architectural context, possibly representing dual aspects of a single divine force.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1829\" data-end=\"1975\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1829\" data-end=\"1843\"\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Both fragments with surface weathering, encrustations, manganese deposits and minor losses consistent with age. Custom double wood base for display.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1829\" data-end=\"1975\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProvenance: \u003c\/strong\u003eEx. Abell Auction, Los Angeles, California\u003cbr data-start=\"1636\" data-end=\"1639\"\u003eEx. Important Private Southern California Estate\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51461891719465,"sku":null,"price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/PhotoNov012025_63252PM.jpg?v=1762036525"},{"product_id":"ancient-hellenistic-roman-herodian-wheel-made-oil-lamp-palestine","title":"Ancient Hellenistic \/ Roman “Herodian” Wheel-Made Oil Lamp, Palestine","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAncient ceramic oil lamp dating to the Hellenistic \/ Early Roman period, approximately 10 BC–100 AD. This is the classic “Herodian type,” associated with Judea\/Palestine during the time of the Herodian dynasty.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eWheel-made with a rounded globular body, wide central filling hole, and short pointed nozzle. The surface is plain and undecorated, a characteristic frequently linked to cultural preferences in the region at the time. Olive oil would have been poured into the filling hole, with the wick set at the nozzle for use as a household light source.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe piece shows mineral deposits and surface encrustations consistent with age and burial. A red inventory mark remains on the underside, likely from an earlier collection. No repairs are visible under normal inspection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA well-formed example of an important lamp type connected to daily life in Judea during the early Roman period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003ePeriod: Hellenistic \/ Early Roman\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDate: c. 10 BC–100 AD\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eOrigin: Palestine \/ Judea\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMaterial: Terracotta, wheel-made\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCondition: Surface wear, encrustations, and age-related patina. Minor edge chips to the rim and nozzle. Please review photos for details.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eProvenance: Ex Roland New York, acquired from a Private NY estate.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52377284477225,"sku":null,"price":175.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/rn-image_picker_lib_temp_7d693ed4-d63c-4533-8952-09b3ec7a7e52.jpg?v=1767322166"},{"product_id":"ancient-roman-pottery-oil-lampeastern-mediterranean-holy-land-region","title":"Ancient Roman Pottery Oil LampEastern Mediterranean \/ Holy Land region","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA genuine ancient Roman ceramic oil lamp decorated with spiral and circular motifs around the shoulder. The lamp features a wide central filling hole, rounded body, and forward nozzle where the wick would have been placed. Traces of ancient use and mineral deposits remain across the surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThis example comes with noted provenance, originally acquired from a private New York estate and sold through Roland Auctions, New York. Lamps of this form were used throughout the Roman world for household lighting and are an iconic symbol of daily life in antiquity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSize: approx. 3 3\/8\" x 2 3\/4\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCondition: Worn surface, chips, deposits and losses consistent with age and use. Please review photos carefully.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eProvenance: Ex Roland, New York; acquired from a private NY estate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDate: Roman period, c. 3rd–6th century AD.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52412125774121,"sku":null,"price":115.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/s-l1600-2026-01-07T110248.067.png?v=1767801803"},{"product_id":"ancient-roman-pottery-oil-lamp-3rd-5th-century-ad-holy-land","title":"Ancient Roman Pottery Oil Lamp, 3rd–5th Century AD, Holy Land","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA genuine ancient Roman ceramic oil lamp with rounded disc body and front wick nozzle. The lamp retains traces of its original slip and earthen deposits from burial, giving it an appealing archaeological surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe underside bears an old export\/collection stamp along with a catalog inventory label. This lamp comes from the same mid-20th-century collection as the other stamped lamp offered, indicating it was legally exported and catalogued at the time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThese lamps were widely used throughout the Roman world for everyday household lighting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSize: approx. 3 1\/2\" x 3\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCondition: Wear, chips, mineral deposits, and losses consistent with age. Please review photos carefully.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eProvenance: Ex Roland New York, acquired from a Private NY estate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDate: Roman period, c. 3rd–5th century AD.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52412144419113,"sku":null,"price":115.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/s-l1600-2026-01-07T110809.036.png?v=1767802153"},{"product_id":"ancient-pottery-oil-lamp-late-roman-byzantine-spiral-decoration-holy-land-golden-finds-by-luisa-150","title":"Ancient Pottery Oil Lamp, Late Roman Byzantine, Spiral Decoration, Holy Land","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA well-preserved ancient ceramic oil lamp with spiral and curved motif decoration around the shoulder. The lamp features a rounded body, central filling hole, and extended nozzle opening for a wick. The surface shows a natural earthen patina with deposits from age and burial.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe underside bears a circular export \/ collection stamp, likely applied when the piece was legally exported from the region in the mid-20th century.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCondition: Age-related wear, chips, and encrustations. Please review the photos carefully, as they are part of the description.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eProvenance: Ex Roland New York, acquired from a Private NY estate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eEstimated Date: Late Roman to early Byzantine period, c. 3rd–7th century AD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSize: 3 1\/8\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA fine example of everyday life in antiquity, suitable for collectors, study, or educational display. Guaranteed ancient and as described.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52412157395241,"sku":null,"price":115.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/s-l1600-2026-01-07T111102.410.png?v=1767802294"},{"product_id":"ancient-hellenistic-early-roman-clay-oil-lamp-wheel-made-holy-land-style","title":"Ancient Hellenistic \/ Early Roman Clay Oil Lamp — Wheel Made, Holy Land Style","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAncient clay oil lamp in the Hellenistic \/ early Roman style, wheel-made with a rounded body and central fill hole. These lamps were commonly used throughout the Eastern Mediterranean and Holy Land region during the 1st century BC–1st century AD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThis example shows surface wear, mineral deposits, and age-appropriate patina. No repairs that I can see. A classic display piece for collectors of ancient pottery and Biblical-period artifacts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDimensions: 3 1\/8\" x 1 1\/2\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMaterial: Fired clay \/ terracotta\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Ex Roland New York, acquired from a Private NY estate.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCondition: Wear and chipping consistent with age. See photos for details.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52412171845929,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/s-l1600-2026-01-07T111339.003.png?v=1767802572"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-veracruz-pottery-head-fragment","title":"Pre-Columbian Veracruz pottery head fragment","description":"\u003ch3 data-start=\"233\" data-end=\"285\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"237\" data-end=\"283\"\u003eVERACRUZ POTTERY “SONRIENTE” HEAD FRAGMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"286\" data-end=\"397\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"286\" data-end=\"347\"\u003eCentral Veracruz, Late Classic Period, circa 600–900 A.D.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"347\" data-end=\"350\"\u003eHeight: 6 in (15.2 cm); Width: 7 in (17.8 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"399\" data-end=\"930\"\u003eA finely modeled terracotta head fragment of a classic \u003cspan data-start=\"454\" data-end=\"465\"\u003eSonriente\u003c\/span\u003e (“Smiling”) figure from Veracruz, distinguished by its exuberant expression and towering headdress. The serene, joyful face features slightly closed almond-shaped eyes, full lips drawn into a radiant smile, and large circular ear ornaments. The high headdress bears incised geometric motifs and lateral perforations, likely for the attachment of plumes or adornments, suggesting the figure once represented a ceremonial dancer or high-ranking ritual participant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"932\" data-end=\"1351\"\u003eThe \u003cspan data-start=\"936\" data-end=\"947\"\u003eSonriente\u003c\/span\u003e figures of Veracruz stand among the most endearing and iconic sculptural forms of Mesoamerica. Their expressive faces and lively gestures are believed to embody the spiritual vitality and joy associated with fertility rites, music, and dance. Scholars note that such smiling imagery may have served to invoke the cyclical renewal of life and agricultural abundance central to Veracruz ritual ideology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"932\" data-end=\"1351\"\u003eLast images depict several Sonriente figures found with decapitated heads in El Zapotal, Veracruz. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"932\" data-end=\"1351\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eEx. Abell Auction, Los Angeles, California\u003cbr\u003eEx. Private Estate, Beverly Hills, California.\u003cbr\u003eAcquired during the 1950s and remaining in the collection \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003efor over seventy years, by descent within the family.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52436904673577,"sku":null,"price":600.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/IMG-7276.jpg?v=1779741101"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-veracruz-pottery-figure-whistle","title":"Pre-Columbian Veracruz pottery figure whistle","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"input_row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"textarea_result\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"212\" data-start=\"171\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"210\" data-start=\"175\"\u003eVERACRUZ POTTERY WHISTLE FIGURE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"399\" data-start=\"213\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"276\" data-start=\"213\"\u003eGulf Coast, Mexico, Late Classic Period, circa 600–900 A.D.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"279\" data-start=\"276\"\u003eHeight: 4 ¾ in (12 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"861\" data-start=\"401\"\u003eModeled in lively stance, this expressive figure represents a standing male adorned with large ear ornaments, a beaded collar, and a broad headdress of radiating flutes. The face bears a characteristic Veracruz smile, with closed eyes and upturned lips, conveying vitality and spirit. The figure’s hollow body functions as a whistle, producing sound through an internal chamber and rear mouthpiece, attesting to its ritual function in ceremonial performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1100\" data-start=\"863\"\u003eCrafted from buff pottery with burnished surface and subtle mineral deposits, the figure embodies the playful yet sacred artistry of Veracruz’s Classic tradition, where musical instruments were often imbued with spiritual significance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1197\" data-start=\"1102\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1116\" data-start=\"1102\"\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Minor surface wear and small losses consistent with age; sound chamber intact.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"input_row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"input_tit\"\u003eProvenance\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"textarea_result\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEx. Abell Auction, Los Angeles, California\u003cbr\u003eEx. Private Estate, Beverly Hills, California.\u003cbr\u003eAcquired during the 1950s and remaining in the collection \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003efor over seventy years, by descent within the family.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52436910637353,"sku":null,"price":495.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/s-l1600-2026-01-13T112100.986.png?v=1768321315"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-proto-maya-pottery-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Proto-Maya Pottery Figure","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003ePre-Columbian Proto-Maya Pottery Figure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eEl Salvador \/ Guatemala\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMiddle Preclassic, ca. 600–300 BCE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eHeight: 6 3\/4\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA hand-modeled ceramic figure from the Proto-Maya cultural sphere of southeastern Mesoamerica, likely from the border region of El Salvador and Guatemala. Depicted seated with arms extended, the figure displays the rounded body proportions, expressive facial features, and characteristic coiffure associated with Preclassic ritual sculpture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe surface retains mineral deposits and a well-developed burial patina. Incised body folds and modeled ear elements further emphasize the regional Proto-Maya aesthetic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCondition: Ancient surface wear and encrustations. Restoration present on both arms, one leg, and an area along the upper back. Nose moderately worn. No additional modern repairs noted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eProvenance: Ex Auctions at Showplace, New York; Ex Private New York Collection.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52436943536425,"sku":null,"price":575.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/s-l1600-2026-01-13T113415.189.png?v=1768322121"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-maya-pottery-standing-figure-with-traces-of-maya-blue-guatemala","title":"Pre-Columbian Maya Pottery Standing Figure with Traces of Maya Blue, Guatemala","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn expressive Pre-Columbian Maya ceramic figure from Guatemala, modeled in the round with a cylindrical lower body and strongly rendered facial features. The figure wears prominent ear ornaments and a collar-like adornment at the neck, elements consistent with Maya figural tradition. Notably, remnants of original Maya blue pigment remain visible across the surface, providing rare evidence of ancient polychromy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe surface exhibits authentic age wear, mineral encrustations, and firing irregularities, all consistent with antiquity. The back remains minimally modeled, a common trait in Maya ceramic figures intended for ritual or domestic contexts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Ex. Los Angeles Estate Auction, Ex. Private California Collection, Acquired from a Beverly Hills gallery\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDetails:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Culture: Maya\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Material: Terracotta (pottery)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Origin: Guatemala\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Height: 7 1\/8 inches (18.1 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Condition: Intact; surface wear and pigment loss consistent with age\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52437005402409,"sku":null,"price":375.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/s-l1600-2026-01-13T113554.726.png?v=1768322651"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-maya-pottery-head","title":"Pre-Columbian Maya pottery head","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"l_cont\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"input_row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"textarea_result\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"210\" data-start=\"180\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"208\" data-start=\"184\"\u003eMAYA TERRACOTTA HEAD\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"400\" data-start=\"211\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"265\" data-start=\"211\"\u003eGuatemala, Late Classic Period, circa 600–900 A.D.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"268\" data-start=\"265\"\u003eHeight: 4 ¾ in (12 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"797\" data-start=\"402\"\u003eModeled with refined naturalism, the head portrays a dignified male figure adorned with large circular earspools and a beaded collar. The serene facial expression, with downcast eyes and softly parted lips, conveys the calm introspection often associated with elite Maya portraiture. Subtle traces of pigment suggest that the surface was once brightly painted to enhance its lifelike presence.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1045\" data-start=\"799\"\u003eThis finely executed fragment likely once formed part of a larger figure or effigy vessel. Its harmonious proportions and sensitive modeling exemplify the aesthetic grace of the Late Classic Maya ceramic tradition from the Guatemalan highlands.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"input_row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"input_tit\"\u003eProvenance\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"textarea_result\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEx. Private Collection, Austin, Texas; acquired through family descent, originally collected in the 1960s\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"r_cont\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"input_tit\"\u003eCondition\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"textarea_result\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMinor surface wear and small losses consistent with age; mounted on a modern\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52437011988777,"sku":null,"price":350.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/s-l1600_-_2026-01-13T114524.133.png?v=1768322756"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-nayarit-pottery-drummer-figure-west-mexico-shaft-tomb","title":"Pre-Columbian Nayarit Pottery Drummer Figure – West Mexico Shaft Tomb","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAuthentic Pre-Columbian pottery figure from Nayarit, West Mexico, dating to approximately 200 BC to 300 AD. This hollow ceramic sculpture depicts a seated male figure holding a drum, a form associated with music, ritual, and ceremonial life in ancient West Mexican shaft-tomb culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe figure displays classic Nayarit stylistic features, including a rounded face, applied ear ornaments, and a cap-style headdress. The drum is integrated into the body of the figure, forming part of the vessel structure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe surface shows natural burial patina, mineral deposits, and age-related wear. The piece has had minor paint touch-ups for visual stabilization, but is otherwise intact with no structural repairs or reconstructions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eFigures of this type were placed in subterranean shaft tombs as offerings to accompany the dead, often representing musicians, dancers, or participants in ritual activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDetails\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCulture: Pre-Columbian Nayarit\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eRegion: West Mexico\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDate: ca. 200 BC – 300 AD\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMaterial: Terracotta\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eObject Type: Hollow drummer figure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCondition: Ancient; minor paint touch-ups, otherwise intact with burial patina and age wear\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eProvenance: Ex. Los Angeles Estate auction, Ex. Private CA. estate, acquired from a Beverly Hills, CA. Gallery.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52437082767657,"sku":null,"price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/s-l1600-2026-01-13T120647.909.png?v=1768324043"},{"product_id":"ancient-greek-corinthian-pottery-alabastron-perfume-vessel","title":"Ancient Greek Corinthian Pottery Alabastron Perfume Vessel","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAuthentic ancient Greek alabastron dating to the Archaic Period (circa 700–500 BC), attributed to Corinthian workshops. This elegant vessel was used to hold perfumed oils and cosmetic ointments, a luxury item in ancient Greek daily life, athletics, and funerary ritual.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe piece features the classic pear-shaped body, narrow neck, and flared disk rim associated with Corinthian alabastra. The body is decorated with rows of hand-painted black dot rosettes, a characteristic ornamental motif used by Corinthian potters. Traces of linear banding remain visible near the shoulder and lower body.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA small perforation near the upper neck indicates it was once suspended with a cord, allowing it to be carried or worn — a typical feature of ancient perfume vessels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe surface shows natural burial encrustation, mineral deposits, pigment loss, and ancient wear consistent with genuine archaeological ceramics of this age. There are no modern repairs or restorations observed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThis is a fine example of early Greek cosmetic pottery and a strong addition to any classical antiquities collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDetails\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCulture: Ancient Greek\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAttribution: Corinthian\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDate: ca. 700–500 BC (Archaic Period)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eObject Type: Alabastron (perfume \/ oil vessel)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMaterial: Terracotta\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eHeight: 4 7\/8 inches (12.4 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCondition: Ancient with expected surface wear, pigment loss, and burial patina; structurally intact\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eProvenance: Ex. Los Angeles Estate auction, Ex. Private CA. estate, acquired from a Beverly Hills, CA. Gallery.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52437086306601,"sku":null,"price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/s-l1600-2026-01-13T120807.308.png?v=1768324159"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-teotihuacan-serpentine-stone-fragment-head","title":"Pre-Columbian Teotihuacan Serpentine Stone Fragment Head","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003ePre-Columbian Teotihuacan Serpentine Head Fragment, Mexico, ca. 250–650 CE., Carved from a dense green-black serpentine, this striking fragmentary head depicts the stylized visage of a Teotihuacan figure, the features boldly abstracted yet finely balanced — the eyes reduced to narrow slits beneath a defined brow ridge, the mouth slightly parted in calm expression, and the ears projecting to the sides in typical geometric form. The crown flattens into a horizontal band that once supported an elaborate headdress or full effigy. The surface bears a mottled mineral patina with light earthen deposits, testifying to age and ancient burial.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSize: 3 × 3 ¼ in (7.6 × 8.3 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eProvenance: Ex Mike Hurtado Collection, Washington; acquired from the Estate of Donald Brody, Oklahoma.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52437091156265,"sku":null,"price":700.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/s-l1600-2026-01-13T121022.294.png?v=1768324248"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-guerrero-greenstone-double-face-pendant-chontal","title":"Pre-Columbian Guerrero Greenstone Double-Face Pendant – Chontal","description":"\u003cp\u003ePre-Columbian Guerrero Greenstone Double-Face Pendant – Chontal Style – 2”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUp for sale is an exceptional Pre-Columbian greenstone pendant from the Guerrero region, attributed to the Chontal tradition, known for its abstract facial carvings and minimalist sculptural forms. This finely worked piece features a primary human mask face on the front, with characteristic broad planes, slit eyes, and modeled lips.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen reversed and viewed upside-down, the back reveals a second carved visage, forming a rare dual-face configuration. This inversion masks were used throughout Guerrero and Oaxaca for symbolic, ritual, or transformative purposes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe pendant is multi-perforated, including suspension holes at the sides and a drilled opening at the bottom that allows the piece to be worn or mounted in either orientation—further supporting its dual-face ceremonial use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDetails\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Culture\/Region: Guerrero, Pre-Columbian (Chontal)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Material: Greenstone (likely serpentine or related Guerrero greenstone)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Type: Double-face pendant \/ maskette\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Length: Approx. 2 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Perforation: Multiple drilled suspension holes, including top and bottom\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Condition: Excavated surface with mineral deposits, ancient wear, and a small loss at the top edge; no modern restoration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Provenance: Ex. MiddleMan Brokers Inc., Florida, Ex private Florida estate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA striking and uncommon example of Guerrero sculptural art, ideal for any Mesoamerican, Chontal, or Pre-Columbian collection.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52437171732777,"sku":null,"price":350.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail_-_2026-01-13T123258.974.png?v=1768325621"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-manteno-pottery-and-stone-earrings","title":"Pre-Columbian Manteno pottery and stone earrings","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"input_row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"textarea_result\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"182\" data-start=\"116\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"180\" data-start=\"120\"\u003ePair of Pre-Columbian Manteno Pottery and Stone Earrings\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"278\" data-start=\"183\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"211\" data-start=\"183\"\u003eEcuador, ca. 800–1500 CE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"214\" data-start=\"211\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"225\" data-start=\"214\"\u003eLength:\u003c\/strong\u003e 2 in (5.1 cm); pottery bead diameter ⅜ in (0.9 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"633\" data-start=\"280\"\u003eA charming pair of earrings composed of ancient \u003cstrong data-end=\"339\" data-start=\"328\"\u003eManteno\u003c\/strong\u003e pottery spindle whorls and stone beads, artfully mounted on modern silver hooks for wear. Each spindle whorl displays the distinctive \u003cstrong data-end=\"517\" data-start=\"474\"\u003eblack-on-cream painted geometric motifs\u003c\/strong\u003e characteristic of the Manteno culture of coastal Ecuador, likely symbolizing textile patterns or ritual markings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"800\" data-start=\"635\"\u003eElegant and wearable, these earrings merge Pre-Columbian heritage with modern design while retaining the authenticity and fine surface patina of ancient artifacts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"input_row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"input_tit\"\u003eProvenance\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"textarea_result\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEx. Gabriel Vandervolt, California. Ancient Resource\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52437506228521,"sku":null,"price":95.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/s-l1600-2026-01-13T142708.889.png?v=1768332950"},{"product_id":"ancient-egyptian-faience-scarab","title":"Ancient Egyptian Faience Scarab","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLate Period, c. 1000–500 BCE**\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn authentic Ancient Egyptian faience scarab amulet dating to the Late Period, approximately 1000–500 BCE. This finely modeled example is formed in vibrant turquoise-blue glazed faience, a quartz-based ceramic traditionally used in Egypt for sacred and amuletic objects.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe scarab is carefully carved with naturalistic anatomical details including a domed back, defined clypeus, incised thorax line, and delineated wing cases. The glaze shows attractive age-consistent wear, mineral deposits, and areas of patina from burial, all consistent with ancient manufacture and long-term archaeological aging.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe flat base is engraved with hieroglyphic symbols arranged in a stylized composition. The design includes a seated figure and linear signs typical of protective and regenerative formulas associated with rebirth, divine favor, and solar symbolism. Such scarabs were worn as personal amulets, set into rings, or placed in burial wrappings to provide protection and spiritual renewal in both life and the afterlife.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eScarabs symbolized the god Khepri, the divine manifestation of the rising sun, and were among the most important sacred objects in Ancient Egyptian belief. Size 5\/8\"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEx: Old United Kingdom private collection, assembled prior to 2000.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAcquired on the European antiquities market and subsequently in a U.S. private collection.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52447866388777,"sku":null,"price":300.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2026-01-15T101108.701.png?v=1768964653"},{"product_id":"ancient-egyptian-scarab-amulet-steatite-late-period-ca-664-332-bce","title":"Ancient Egyptian Scarab Amulet – Steatite, Late Period (ca. 664–332 BCE)","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"254\" data-end=\"816\"\u003eThis finely carved Ancient Egyptian scarab amulet is formed from glazed steatite and measures approximately ½ inch in length. The piece is sculpted in the traditional beetle form, representing the sacred scarab (Khepri), the god of rebirth, regeneration, and the rising sun. The domed back displays ancient wear, glaze loss, and mineral patina consistent with long burial and ritual use, while the flat base is engraved with a stylized hieroglyphic formula arranged in a classical cartouche-inspired layout, a common protective motif used during the Late Period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"818\" data-end=\"1156\"\u003eThe scarab is pierced longitudinally, allowing it to be worn as a personal amulet, mounted in a ring, or attached to mummy wrappings or jewelry in antiquity. Scarabs of this type were among the most important religious objects in Egyptian daily and funerary life, believed to provide divine protection and ensure renewal in the afterlife.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1158\" data-end=\"1314\"\u003eThe material, engraving style, surface condition, and glaze remnants are fully consistent with authentic Late Period Egyptian production, circa 664–332 BCE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1316\" data-end=\"1701\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1316\" data-end=\"1331\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1331\" data-end=\"1334\"\u003eFrom the collection of Philip Mitry, one of the most important Egyptian antiquities dealers of the mid-20th century. The Mitry collection was exported from Egypt and imported into the United States in 1951, well before modern cultural property and export restrictions, ensuring the object’s legal status and long-established presence in a private American collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1703\" data-end=\"1879\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52448215925033,"sku":null,"price":200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2026-01-15T102631.676.png?v=1768964637"},{"product_id":"ancient-egyptian-scarab-amulet-glazed-steatite-late-period-ca-664-332-bce","title":"Ancient Egyptian Scarab Amulet – Glazed Steatite, Late Period (ca. 664–332 BCE)","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"299\" data-end=\"736\"\u003eThis Ancient Egyptian scarab amulet is carved from glazed steatite and measures approximately \u003cstrong data-start=\"393\" data-end=\"405\"\u003e5\/8 inch\u003c\/strong\u003e in length. The piece is sculpted in the traditional beetle form associated with \u003cstrong data-start=\"486\" data-end=\"496\"\u003eKhepri\u003c\/strong\u003e, the solar god of rebirth and renewal. The domed back displays finely modeled wing cases and thorax divisions, still retaining vivid turquoise-green glaze with areas of natural wear and mineral patina acquired through burial and antiquity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"738\" data-end=\"1074\"\u003eThe underside is flat and engraved with a hieroglyphic design arranged in a cartouche-like layout, a common religious format used to invoke protection, regeneration, and divine authority. A longitudinal piercing allows the scarab to be worn as a personal amulet, mounted in jewelry, or incorporated into funerary wrappings in antiquity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1076\" data-end=\"1324\"\u003eThe material, glaze texture, carving style, and wear patterns are fully consistent with authentic Egyptian production from the \u003cstrong data-start=\"1203\" data-end=\"1237\"\u003eLate Period, circa 664–332 BCE\u003c\/strong\u003e, when scarabs were widely used both as religious charms and symbols of personal piety.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1326\" data-end=\"1713\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1326\" data-end=\"1341\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1341\" data-end=\"1344\"\u003eFrom the collection of \u003cstrong data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1383\"\u003ePhilip Mitry\u003c\/strong\u003e, one of the most prominent Egyptian antiquities dealers of the mid-20th century. The Mitry collection was exported from Egypt and imported into the United States in \u003cstrong data-start=\"1549\" data-end=\"1557\"\u003e1951\u003c\/strong\u003e, well before modern cultural property and export regulations, establishing this piece’s long-standing and legal presence in an American private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52448222019881,"sku":null,"price":200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/thumbnail-2026-01-15T102655.669.png?v=1768964627"},{"product_id":"miniature-pre-columbian-teotihuacan-pottery-figure-complete","title":"Miniature Pre-Columbian Teotihuacan Pottery Figure – Complete","description":"\u003cp\u003eMiniature Pre-Columbian Teotihuacan Pottery Figure – Complete\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiniature Pre-Columbian pottery figure attributed to the Teotihuacan tradition, Classic Period (circa 200–600 AD). This is a complete and intact ceramic figure, modeled in solid terracotta and preserved in its entirety.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe figure depicts a standing anthropomorphic form with closed eyes, a serene facial expression, and a stylized headdress or coiffure. The torso is strongly modeled with pronounced anatomical features typical of Teotihuacan figurative sculpture. Despite its small scale, the figure is well balanced and stands independently, an especially desirable characteristic for miniature examples.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe surface exhibits an authentic burial patina with mineral accretions and earthen deposits consistent with archaeological age. The reverse is naturally flattened from original manufacture rather than later breakage. Minor surface wear and abrasions are present, as expected, with no evidence of modern restoration or repair.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHeight:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 7\/16 inches (approx.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaterial:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCeramic (terracotta)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCondition:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComplete and intact; stable with expected archaeological wear\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52460567757097,"sku":null,"price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/31742106-9370-4793-8629-6D2964C4173A.jpg?v=1768705154"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-aztec-stone-figure","title":"Pre-Columbian Aztec stone figure","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"l_cont\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"input_row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"textarea_result\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"208\" data-start=\"180\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"206\" data-start=\"184\"\u003eAZTEC STONE FIGURE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"303\" data-start=\"209\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"274\" data-start=\"209\"\u003eCentral Mexico, Late Postclassic Period, circa 1300–1500 A.D.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"277\" data-start=\"274\"\u003eHeight: 9 ½ in (24.1 cm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"807\" data-start=\"305\"\u003eCarved from a dense \u003cstrong data-end=\"343\" data-start=\"325\"\u003evolcanic stone\u003c\/strong\u003e, the figure represents a standing male divinity or votive attendant, rendered with strong geometric simplification and a commanding frontal presence. The figure’s broad shoulders, truncated limbs, and squared proportions emphasize monumentality in miniature form, while the face—with heavy brows, wide eyes, and pursed lips—retains a quiet intensity. Traces of red pigment remain visible in the facial recesses, suggesting its original polychrome embellishment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1107\" data-start=\"809\"\u003eFigures of this type were often placed within domestic or temple contexts, serving as intermediaries between the earthly and divine realms in Aztec ritual practice. The porous texture and balanced composition of this example reflect the enduring vitality of Late Postclassic sculptural tradition. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"input_row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"input_tit\"\u003eProvenance\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"textarea_result\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEx Leonard Auction; deaccessioned from The Lake Forest College Art collection, Illinois, USA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"r_cont\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"input_tit\"\u003eCondition\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"textarea_result\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMinor losses and surface erosion consistent with exposure and age; scattered red pigment remains. Missing part of the nose from antiquity. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52460577194281,"sku":null,"price":600.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/5866D688-12B7-4916-97FB-D7E3B06D471A.jpg?v=1768705714"},{"product_id":"ancient-roman-bronze-ring-w-bird-motif-1st-2nd-century-ad-size-6","title":"Ancient Roman Bronze Ring w\/ Bird Motif – 1st–2nd Century AD, Size 6","description":"\u003cp\u003eauthentic Ancient Roman bronze ring, dating to approximately the 1st–2nd century AD.\u003cbr\u003eThe ring features a rectangular bezel engraved with a stylized bird motif, rendered in a simple yet expressive Roman provincial style. Bird imagery in Roman glyptic art is often associated with protection, the divine, or the soul, and such rings were commonly worn as personal adornment or symbolic talismans.\u003cbr\u003eThe bronze surface exhibits a deep, stable ancient patina with natural wear and minor encrustation consistent with long burial. The engraving remains clearly visible, showing honest age without modern enhancement.\u003cbr\u003eDetails\u003cbr\u003eCulture: Ancient Roman\u003cbr\u003eDate: ca. 1st–2nd century AD\u003cbr\u003eMaterial: Bronze\u003cbr\u003eRing Size: approx. US Size 6\u003cbr\u003eBezel: Rectangular, engraved bird motif\u003cbr\u003eCondition: Intact; ancient wear and patina consistent with age\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52467152781609,"sku":null,"price":285.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/rn-image_picker_lib_temp_f4caa92c-c9df-428d-b176-e3ebe62bcf9e.jpg?v=1768849154"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-zapotec-pottery-urn-fragment-oaxaca-mexico","title":"Pre-Columbian Zapotec Pottery Urn Fragment – Oaxaca, Mexico","description":"\u003cp\u003eAuthentic Pre-Columbian Zapotec pottery urn fragment from the Oaxaca region of southern Mexico, dating to the Classic–Postclassic period (circa 300–900 AD).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis sculptural fragment preserves an expressive anthropomorphic face with elaborate headdress, featuring deeply carved stepped and scroll motifs typical of Zapotec ceremonial urns. The prominent nose element, ear ornaments, and layered headdress strongly suggest a ritual or deity-related figure, consistent with known Zapotec funerary and temple urn traditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCarved from coarse ceramic with extensive age-related wear, mineral deposits, and surface encrustation consistent with genuine archaeological age. The reverse is flat and broken as expected for an architectural or funerary urn fragment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA powerful and visually striking example, well suited for advanced Pre-Columbian collections, academic study, or display.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDetails\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Culture: Zapotec\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Region: Oaxaca, Mexico\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Material: Ceramic \/ pottery\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Period: Pre-Columbian, approx. 300–900 AD\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Dimensions: 5 1\/8” x 5 5\/8”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Condition: Fragmentary as shown; stable, no modern restoration. Small bit of glue residue that can be removed from soaking in water.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Minerva Gallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52472061755689,"sku":null,"price":200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/files\/IMG-4103.jpg?v=1768934615"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/2762\/2185\/collections\/thumbnail-2025-10-25T200827.315.png?v=1770392876","url":"https:\/\/minerva-gallery.com\/es\/collections\/sold-items.oembed?page=3","provider":"Minerva Gallery","version":"1.0","type":"link"}